220 PROF. DUNCAN ON CORALS FROM MADEIRA. [Feb. 7, 



unequal in length and size. This produces a festooning of the margin 

 of the cahce, the primaries being the highest and the septa next to 

 them only slightly lower. The secondaries are high, but lower 

 than the primaries ; and they have a higher order of septa next to 

 them just below their elevation. The lowest point of the cahcular 

 edge is over the tertiary septa, which are the smallest. The six 

 primary septa are well developed and are free \ and do not reach 

 the columella, but pass lower by its side to the base. The secon- 

 daries of four systems are next in size to the primaries and are free 

 at their inner ends and straight ; but in two systems, where the 

 fourth cycle is incomplete, they unite with a process of the septa 

 placed next to the primaries by a process which reaches, after junc- 

 tion, a radiating projection of the columella. 



The tertiary septa are the smallest and are free, being included in 

 the loops formed by the higher septa in their junction with each 

 other and the columella. 



The septa of the fourth and fifth orders, in four of the systems, 

 unite in front of the tertiary septa ; and thence a process passes in 

 front of the secondary to reach one from the columella. These 

 processes are continuations of the septal edges, and also of columel- 

 lary structure, and are stout and well separated. 



The costse are visible at the margin before they are covered with 

 the epitheca. They are very sharply granular and unequal. 



The tint of the coral is brownish red, the columella being white. 



Height of the coral i inch, length of calice not quite i\ inch, 

 breadth of calice \ inch, length of base ^ inch. 



Locality. Madeira. 



The smaller specimen has the epitheca more distant from the 

 calicular edge, a more defined columella ornamented with a few 

 spiny granules on its surface, the same number of septa in the four 

 systems, and a large deep axial space. 



This small Balanophyllian has its specific characters well marked, 

 and has not hitherto been noticed. It is probably a young form ; 

 and certainly, although it has the characters of the genus, the walls 

 are imperforate. Probably it is the growth of the coral that de- 

 cides this. 



List of the Corals dredged from Madeira. 



Caryophyllia cyathus, Lamarck. 



clavus, Scacchi. 



endothecata, sp. nov. 



Madracis asperula, Edw. & Haime. 

 Amphihelia oculata, Linn. sp. 

 raniea, var., Sars. 



Paracyathus striatus, Philippi, sp. ' Cladocora debilis., Edw. & Haime. 

 Ceratotrochus joknsoni, sp. nov. | Balanopliyllia brevis, sp. nov. 



The presence of Caryphyllia cyathus and Caryphyllia clavus in 

 the sea of Madeira was almost to be expected, and that of Para- 

 cyathus striatus also, they all being Mediterranean forms and Atlantic 

 also. The Madracis is found also on the American side of the 



' In one instance there is a faint union with the columella. 



