1882.] 



DR. GADOW ON THE ANATOMY OF PTEROCLES. 



327 



II. Syrrhaptes paradoxus : 1st d. pancreat. inserted near the pylorus 



(fig. 7). 

 2nd d. pancreat., -|-d. hepat. -fd. cystic, 

 inserted opposite the pylorus. 



Total length 

 of gut. 



Eelative 

 lenath. ' 



Length of 

 Cfecum. 



Distance of 

 cseca from anus, 



Pterocles arenariua 



(after Brandt) 



Syrrhaptea (after Brandt) 



Perdicula cambayensis . . . 



Perdix einerea 



Phasianus pictus 



swinboei 



Euplocamus pnelata 



Oras alberti 



Oolumba livia 



Oaloenaa nicobariea 



Peristera geoffroii 



Erythrcenas pulcherrima 



centim. 

 83 

 80 

 87 



38-42 

 75 

 106 

 106 

 122-152 

 222 



96-125 

 125 

 34 

 41 



7-8 



6-7 



8 



7-5 



7 



7-7-5 



9 



12-13 



10-11 



4 



5-5 



centim. 



IG 



15-5 & 18-5 



5 

 17 



10-15 



13 

 22&23 

 10&14 



0-5-0-i 

 



0-3 

 



centim. 

 lo 

 12 

 13 



3-4 

 6 



8-12 



7 

 8-12 



15 



4-5 

 4 



The liver of the Rasores, as well as that of the Columbse, is quite 

 different. The left lobe is divided again into tvro by a deep fissure, 

 so that the whole organ might be called trilobed. The right lobe is 

 generally the larger ; a Spigelian lobe is present in most of these 

 birds. The outline of the lower margin varies much in the different 

 Fowls and Pigeons. 



The existence of a gall-bladder in the Pterocletes might be looked 

 upon as a strong indication of difference between them and the 

 Pigeons, as in the Gallinaceous birds this organ as a rule is well 

 developed. However, it must not be forgotten that in several typi- 

 cal Rasores, as in Euplocamus, Numida, and Penelope, there is 

 sometimes scarcely any ponch-like dilatation of the bile-ducts. In 

 the Rasores the caeca are, without any exception, very well developed, 

 and have mostly an extremely large and wide lumen. The length 

 of both the cseca compared with the length of the intestinal tract (from 

 pylorus to anus) is in the proportion of 1 : 7 {Crax), or even 1 : 2*2 

 (^Perdix). In the Pigeons, on the other hand, the cseca are always 

 in a rudimentary condition, their sum total being in the proportion of 

 1 : 75 in our domestic Pigeon, and 1 : oo in Qoura, Calcenas, Chalco- 

 phaps &c., as they are either completely wanting in most of the 

 Columbse, or are only represented by very small, often barely visible, 

 vermiform-like appendages. 



It has sometimes been stated that Pigeons have to rank with such 

 birds as do possess caeca, because such organs, although very small, 



' See my paper in the 'Jenaieche Zeitsohrift fiir Naturwissenschaft,' 1879, 

 p. 869. 



