514 PROF. ST.-GEORGE MIVART ON THE ^LTJROIDEA. [JuOC 6, 



with the right central, and in the proportion of the left lateral to the 

 left central lobe, in the cystic notch and gall-blndder being quite 

 close to the left margin of the right central lobe, in the proportion 

 borne to the left lateral iobe by the left central, and in the great size 

 and in the close approximation (on the abdominal surface of the liver) 

 of the left lateral and right central lobes. On the diaphragmatic 

 aspect of the liver the caudate lobe hardly appears, though the 

 right lateral lobe is very small compared with the right central. 

 The last-mentioned lobe has a notch at the bottom of the umbilical 

 fissure ; and therein lies the gall-bladder. 



Seen on its posterior, or abdominal, aspect, the liver shows a small 

 Spigelian lobe, which is slightly bifid at its apex. The caudate lobe 

 is small. The left central lobe does not appear. The proportion 

 borne by the right lateral lobe to the right central is much as in 

 Nandinia. The right central lobe lies almost entirely to the right 

 of the gall-bladder, only a minute portion of that lobe being to the 

 left of it. 



The liver of Proteles also belongs to the Crossarchus type of 

 liver, in that the gall-bladder lies close to the left margin of the 

 right central lobe — the cystic and umbilical fissures coinciding. On 

 its diaphragmatic aspect the right lateral lobe is larger than the 

 right central, and the former has a small notch at its margin. The 

 proportion borne by the left lateral lobe to the left central is as in 

 Nandinia. The small caudate lobe does not appear. On the abdo- 

 minal aspect of the liver we see a small and simple Spigelian and a 

 similar caudate lobe. The right lateral lobe is notched at its border, 

 and bears a lobelet near its margin. No part of the right central 

 lobe lies on the left side of the gall-bladder. The left lateral lobe 

 has a puckered surface. 



In Crocuta ' the gall-bladder also lies much nearer to the left than 

 to the right margin of the right central lobe ; but the umbilical and 

 cystic fissures do not coincide. The caudate lobe is large. 



The Kidney. 

 In the .^luroids there is a single papilla. This is at least cer- 

 tainly the case in Felis, Genetta, and Prionodon. In Oenetta 

 tigrina the kidney is large, and more oval than in the Cat. Its long 

 diameter is 3" 4'"; its transverse diameter is 2". 



The Trachea and Lungs. 

 There are 45 cartilages to the trachea in the Cat ; 40 in the Lion ; 

 47 in the Puma ; 70 in the Genet ; 50 almost complete rings in Suri- 

 cata, and rather more in the Ichneumons; and 45 in the Hyaena 

 (Meckel, Anat. Conip. vol. ix. pp. 484-487). Cuvier {I. c. vol. vii. 

 pp. 52 & 102) remarks that in the Ichneumon the rings of the 

 trachea extend four fifths round it, and that those of the bronchi 

 disappear soon after they have entered the lungs. Meckel {I. c. 

 p. 490) says that in Viverra the bronchi are large and with com- 

 plete rings, and that these are very hard and complete and the 



1 P. Z. S. 1879, p. 85, fig. 3. 



