1883.] 'lightning' AND 'porcupine' EXPEDITIONS. 105 



Fossil. Pliocene : Aatibes, Italy, and Rhodes. Post-tertiary : 

 S. France. 



T. striatus and its varieties have many synonyms, including (from 

 my examination of the types) T. gravesi of Forbes, T. ruscurianus 

 of "Weinkauff, T. littoralis of Brusina, and T. fraterculus of Monte- 

 rosato. This common species is extremely variable as regards the 

 height of the spire, colour, sculpture, and the comparative promi- 

 nence of the basal keel. The small striae which intersect the spiral 

 ribs are either fine and close-set, or coarse and comparatively few in 

 number, and sometimes are altogether wanting;. T. unidentatas of 

 Philippi may be another variety of the present species. 



28. Trochus exasperatus. Pennant. 



T. exasperatus, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. p. 126 : B. C. iii. p. 324 ; 

 V. p. 203, pi. Ixiii. f. 3. 



♦Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. Vigo B., Tangier B. ; Med. 

 Algesiras B., G. Tunis. 



Distribution. S. England, Ireland?, Scotland?, Atlantic coasts of 

 France, Spain and Portugal, Mediterranean, Black Sea, Adriatic, 

 Morocco, Canaries, Madeira, and Azores; 0-105 fms. 



Fossil. Pliocene: Italy, Archipelago, and Rhodes. Post-ter- 

 tiary : Wexford ?, Selsea, Antibes. 



The opinion which I ventured to express in my work on British 

 Conchology (iii. pp. 323, 325) that this species is the same as 

 T. striatus, or a variety of it, has been strengthened by further 

 observation and experience. Among the synonyms of the present 

 species are T. erythroleucus, T. strigosus, and T. punctulatus of 

 Gmelin, T. exiguus of Pulteney, T. crenulatus of Brocchi, T. pyra- 

 midatus of Lamarck, T. matonii of Payraudeau, and T. elegans of 

 Blainville. 



V 29. Trochus wiseri, Calcara. 



T. wiseri, Calc. II Maurolico, 1841, p. 31, t. iv. f, 14. 



' Porcupine ' Exp. 1870 : Atl. St. 24 ; Med. 55. 



Distribution. Bay of Biscay ('Travaiileur' Exp. 1880 and 1881), 

 various parts of the Mediterranean (Tiberi and others) ; 40- 

 540 fms. 



Fossil. Pliocene : Italy. 



T. gemmulatus of Philippi, and T. scabrosus of myself not of 

 Philippi. Distinct from T. clathratus of x\radas, to which Monte- 

 rosato and Seguenza formerly, but not lately, referred it. It was 

 apparently figured in pi. vi. f. 12 by Cantraine in his unfinished 

 work, ' Malacologie mediterraneenne et littorale,' 1840, but without a 

 name. 



30. Trochus miliaris, Brocchi. 



T. miliaris, Broc. Conch, foss. Subap. ii. p. 353, t. vi. f. 1 . 

 T millegranus, B. C. iii. p. 325 ; v. p. 204, pi. Ixiii. f. 4. 

 * Lightning' Exp. St. 5, 7. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1869: 1, 6, 14,45a, 45 i, 70,89 (dwarf), 



8* 



