1883.] MR. F. MOORE OV LIMNAINA AND EUPLCEINA. 201 



4. A Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of 

 Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfanaily Eu- 

 ploeinae ; with Descriptions of new Genera and Species. 

 By F. Moore, F.Z.S., A.L.S., &c. 



Part I. Limnaina. 



[Eeceived April 2, 1883.] 



(Plates XXIX-XXXII.') 



The group of Butterflies here monographed has, by modern authors, 

 been arranged under the subfamily name of Dauainse. By Linnaeus 

 (Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 470) they were placed in the second division of 

 his PapiHones Danai, namely in that of the D.festivi, his first division, 

 containing the " Whites " or modern Pierinse, being the D. candidi. 



Esper in 1777 (Die Schmett. i. p. 53) having figured several 

 species of Pierin^ under the generic term Danaus, both Fabricius 

 (Ent. Syst. iii, p. 39, 1793) and Weber (Nomeu. Ent. pp. 99, 106, 

 1795) having also entirely separated the D.festivi from the B. candidi 

 under the name of Festivi, and Cuvier (Tableau Element, p. 590, 

 1 798) having cited species of Pierinae only as Danai, it follows that 

 these authors, having thus restricted the Danai of Linnaeus to the 

 D. candidi (or modern Pierinae), the term " Danainae " cannot be 

 retained for the present subfamily. 



The following summary of the labours of subsequent authors will 

 help to show the progress made in thestudy of this interesting group 

 of Butterflies. 



, Latreille in 1805 (Hist. Nat. des Crust, et Insectes, xiv. p. 108) 

 established his genus Danaida, giving as the type Papilio plexippus 

 (one of the species meqtioned in the Linnean division D.festivi), and 

 citing America as the habitat of that species. In 1807 he altered 

 this name to Danais, and in 1809 to that of Danaus'^. 



In 1807 Fabricius (Illiger's Mag. vi. p. 280) established his genus 

 Euplcea, giving as the types the P. plexippus and P. similis of 

 Linnaeus, and P. corns, a species of his own. 



Hiibner (Verz. bek. Schmett. pp. 14-17, 1816) arranged the group 

 of the then described species in his second Stirps of the tribe Nym- 

 phales, under the name of Limuades — equivalent to the Linnean 

 Danai feslivi and the Fabrician Festivi — his first stirps being the 

 Nereides, comprising the Heliconii of the later authors. The species 

 known to him are divided into three sections, the first and second 

 being equivalent to the Danais and Hestia of Doubleday, and the 

 third to Euplcea of the same author ; the species of the first and 

 second sections are arranged under the briefly characterized genera 

 Ainauris, Hestia, Euplwa, and Anosia, those of the third section under 

 Trepsichrois, Crastia, and Salpinx. 



' Plates XXIX. -XXXII. will be givena long wilh Part II. of the present 

 paper, read May 1st. 

 ^ See notes to genus Anosia, p. 234 posiea. 



14* 



