206 MR F. MOORE ON LIMNAINA AND EUPLCEINA. [Apr. 17, 



Distant, and others ; and these facts have since served as materials 

 for discussion in certain recent articles on mimicry in Butterflies '. 



The extent to vphich this form of mimicry exists among the 

 species of the old genera Davais and Euplcea will be better under- 

 stood by an examination of the accompanying Tables of the five 

 primary groups into which I have divided each of these old genera. 



In these Tables the names of certain genera and species in each of 

 these five groups are given, and the names of those genera and 

 species, inhabiting the same locality, which imitate them. 



These Tables were chiefly compiled from actual inspection of the 

 several species, chiefly at the British Museum, where I had a good 

 opportunity, by the kindness of the officers of the Zoological Depart- 

 ment, of examining (mostly at the same time), besides the contents 

 of their own cabinets, together with those in my own collection, 

 Boisduval's types, Lucas's types, several of Dr. Felder's types, a large 

 series from the collections of M. Oberthur, G. Semper, and Messrs. 

 Salvin and Godman, all of which were most generously confided to 

 my care for examination ^. 



This imitative character pervades all the groups into which I have 

 divided the species hitherto arranged under Danais and Euploea ; 

 and, in the Euplceina, so far as 1 have yet verified by actual com- 

 parison, it would appear most numerously so in Group A (see 

 Table II.), the males of which have no " sexual mark " or " scent- 

 producing organ" on the upper side of the wings, in Group B (see 

 Table III.), the males of which possess one "sexual mark" on the 

 fore wing, in Group D (see Table V.), the males of which possess 

 one "sexual mark''' on the fore wing and a glandular patch on the 

 hind wing, and in Group E (see Table VI.), in which, though it 

 contains only three genera, the species are numerously mimicked. 

 The least amount of imitativeness yet observed and verified appears 

 in Group C (see Table IV.), the males of which possess a glandular 

 patch on the hind wing only. 



On further analysis Table I. shows that, in the Limnaina, of the 

 five groups into which the old genus Danais, Hestia, &c., have been 

 divided, a certain number of the species are mimicked by others 

 within these groups. These instances are but few, considering the 

 large number of species therein, and show most clearly their highly 

 protected condition. 



Table I. A. embraces the names of certain species of the old genus 

 Danais that are mimicked by species of the old genus Euploea. The 

 few species here noted would appear to indicate how small must be 

 the necessity for attainment of further protection in the numerous 

 species of these two highly protected genera. 



Table II., Group A (no sexual mark). Of the 13 genera into 

 which I have divided the species embraced within it, the second 



' See W. L. Distant, Ebop. Malayana, p. S3 (1882) ; E. Meldola, Ann. Nat, 

 Hist. 1882, vol. X. p. 417 ; W. L. Distant, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1883, vol. xi. p. 43. 

 See also Wallace, ' Nature,' May 25, 1882. 



^ These Tables could have been much extended bad it been possible to have 

 brought the aboie collections together at the present moment. 



