1883.] DR. O. BOETTGER ON NEW CLATJSILI^. 325 



SO that from some few small islands only, viz. from the Greek islands 

 Schiza, Cerigotto, Spetsae, Hydra, Makronisi, Petali, Skopelo, 

 Chilodrorai and its neighbour islands, and from Giura, Serpho, 

 Polykandro, and Sikono, and from the little islands .between Nio, 

 Naxia, and Amurgo, species of Clausilia have not yet been found. 

 Much less known are the islands of the coast of Asia Minor, where 

 the islands of Thaso, Sauiothraki, Imbro, Limni, Tenedo, Hagiostrati, 

 Psara, Furui, Patmo, and all the islands of the Mendelia Gulf, Nisyro 

 and all the islands of the Symi Gulf, lastly the Tanni and Kamila 

 islands, have not yet disclosed any one of their doubtless numerous 

 forms of this genus. , 



I am greatly indebted to Miss Josephine Thiesse, of Chalkis, 

 island of Euboea, who for several years has kindly offered me her 

 new treasures in Greek Clausilice for publication, and especially to 

 Vice-Admiral T. Spratt, R.N., who has opened to me his rich 

 collection for this paper. 



The collection of these interesting little shells was commenced 

 about forty years ago by Admiral Spratt, when Edward Forbes became 

 the naturahst of H.M.S. 'Beacon,' in which ship he was employed 

 on the survey of the Grecian archipelago. Forbes' s genial nature as 

 well as example stimulated the little taste for natural history the 

 Admiral (then a Lieutenant) previously possessed, and induced him to 

 collect fossils and shells. 



When they were companions together afterwards in exploring 

 Lycia, and also in several trips amongst the Greek islands, the little 

 Clausilice came frequently into notice, from their abundance in some 

 localities, and from being the only land-shells found alive upon the 

 rocky heights and cliffs during the hot and arid summers of the 

 .^gean. 



From being thus so conspicuous, and also from showing great 

 varieties of form, they became special favourites of the collector after 

 Forbes returned to England. 



Thus from mountain-tops and lower gorges, from large and small 

 islands, they were assiduously sought for as opportunities offered, 

 and were collected as experience sliowed the best side of the moun- 

 tain or particular rock to look for them, and whether on its surface 

 or under stones only, as chiefly occurs with the bfowu species. 



Admiral Spratt's collection of Clausilia consequently amounts to 

 more than 100 forms from nearly as many different localities, of 

 which I have seen examples of the greater portion. 



About half this collection was formed before the year 1848 ; and 

 of these, through Edward Forbes and Mr. H. Cuming, to whom sets 

 were sent, the most part, but not all, were submitted to the late Dr. 

 Louis Pfeiffer, of Cassel, lor examination. Dr. Pfeiffer found about 

 thirty of them to be new species, and described them in the ' Pro- 

 ceedings ' of this Society. 



As regards the remainder of the collection, formed between 1852 

 and 18(34, the loss of his fellow-traveller and friend before his 

 return to England in the latter year so damped Admiral Spratt's 

 interest in his collections, that the Clausilice and other specimens have 



