18S.1.] ANATOMY OF SUS SALVANIUS. 415 



two cones united by the apices, the bases being oval, however, instead 

 of round. The lumen of the first part of the colon is greatest. \t 

 the top of the coil the intestine loops round, and, reversing its course, 

 passes out at the base of the coil, ascends in front of the duodenum 

 and passes to the left, then finally enters the pelvis. The arrange- 

 ment is essentially that found in the Pig. The various coils of 

 colon are united firmly together by fibrous tissue : the first part is 

 crenated in outline; but the remainder is regular and uniform. The 

 large intestine was found, on opening the abdominal cavity, to occupy 

 chiefly the left side, and presented a marked contrast to the small 

 intestine from its somewhat dark colour as compared with the dirty- 

 yellow colour of the latter. 



The liver ' has no suspensory ligaments or round ligament. The 

 umbilical fissure is well marked, and divides the viscus into two 

 segments of nearly equal size. The right central lobe is considerably 

 larger than the left, while in the Pig they are of almost equal size. 

 The free border of the right central lobe is broken by a cystic 

 fissure of small size. The superior or diaphragmatic surface of the 

 left central lobe, and partially also that of the right, is excavated 

 deeply, and the hollow filled up by the sac of a cysticercus, of which 

 two were found — this one attached to the liver, and a second, free, in 

 the abdominal cavity. The attached border of the right segment of 

 the liver is notched for the vena cava, which is superficially placed and 

 does not tunnel through the substance of the liver as in the speci- 

 men of Sus scrofa before me. The condition which obtains here is 

 precisely that which was found by Prof. Flower to exist in Phaco- 

 choerus and Potamochcerus, notes on the dissections of which, he has 

 kindly placed at my disposal. In both of these genera the vena 

 cava is superficial. The Spigelian lobe is well defined, but does not 

 form any projection. The caudate lobe is well defined, and seems to 

 have a tendency to be more complicated than in the Pig. 



The omentum is small in quantity and shrivelled up in bands ; it 

 is also characterized by the absence of fat. 



Immediately below the cartilages of the larynx situated on the 

 front of the trachea is the thyroid gland, which measures 3'2 cm. 

 in length (in the axial line) by I'.S cm. broad and 1*4 cm. in depth 

 (dorso-ventrally). 



The trachea measures about 9 cm. in length ; at its posterior end 

 it divides into two short bronchi (1 cm. Ions;) which immediately enter 

 the lungs. About 2-5 cm. above the bifurcation, the trachea gives 

 off a branch to the upper lobe of the right lung. This branch is 

 about one third the size of the bronchus, and, immediately on entering 

 the lung, splits up into two branches, one of which runs upwards, the 

 other downwards. This arrangement of the three bronchi is pre- 

 cisely what is found in the Pig. 



' The description of this organ given here is on the plan proposed by Prof. 

 Flower in his Hunteiian Lectures at the Eoyal College of Surgeons on the 

 organs of digestion in the Jlaninialia, published in the ' Medical Times and 

 Gazette,' Feb. 24 to Dec. 1872— a source which I have freely availed myself of 

 in the description of the digestive organs in the specimen under consideration. 



28* 



