iladin. 

siderable; their 
11 
five blunt claws, and the hind paws with four. The 
claws are not retractile, and the tail is genexally 
rather short and sometimes bushy. Their senses are 
highly developed, especially those of smell and hear- 
ing. They excel in burrowing, coursing and swim- 
ming, and they are highly intelligent. They are not 
confined to a flesh diet, like the cats, but will some- 
times feed on vegetable matters, and the tame dog 
will eat anything. They are found all over the world. 
Dogs and wolves have a long skull, a project- 
ing muzzle, and the pupils of their eyes are round. 
Their sense of smell is very acute, and by this they 
track their prey. They feed on the flesh of mammals, 
birds and fish, and appear to have a strong taste for 
_ carrion, 
They have all a great liking for company, 
and the wild species assemble in large packs. The 
dogs, unlike the hyenas, usually hunt their prey by 
daylight. 
The Dog (Canis domesticus) is the type of the 
family. To this species all our tame dogs, however 
different in size, shape and character belong. They 
all resemble each other in their affection for man, 
and their liking for his society. They were among 
the first animals which man succeeded in taming, 
and have been in constant companionship with him 
fromtimeslong 
anterior to the 
dawn of his- 
tory. They 
are among the 
most highly 
intelligent of 
all animals, be- 
ing gifted with 
quick percep- 
HOM sande ra 
considerable 
amount of un- 
derstanding. 
Their bodily 
powers are 
likewise con- 
swiftness is 
only equalled 

his tail upright or curled, generally towards the left 
side. The wolf's head is broad and thick, his eyes 
are oblique, and his short ears are erect. His lithe 
body is slenderer at the loins. He measures about 
four feet and a half to the end of the tail, and stands 
considerably over two feet in height. His colour is 
a mixture of yellow, grey and brownish red Not- 
withstanding his great strength, he is a cowardly 
creature, and never risks his life unless pressed by 
extreme hunger. His voice is a frightful howl. He 
inhabits thick forests or desolate wastes, and is 
found throughout Europe, North Africa, and Northern 
and Central Asia. He has been extinct in the British 
Islands, where he formerly abounded, for nearly two 
centuries. 
The Jackal (Canis aureus, Plate X. fig. a) much 
resembles a dog with a bushy tail tipped with long 
haw, and measures about three feet and a half in 
length, including the tail. The head is intermediate 
in form between that of the dog and the wolf, and 
the tail hangs down nearly to the ground. The 
colour is greyish yellow, varied with black on the 
back, and the undersurface is reddish yellow. The 
Jackal is more of a nocturnal animal than the wolf, 
and in this, he resembles the fox, whose place he 
fills in Eastern 
countries. He 
inhabitsSouth- 
Eastern Euro- 
pe, North Af- 
rica andSouth- 
Western Asia 
as far as Cey- 
lonpeeel chats 
distinguished 
from the fox 
by his long 
slender snout, 
the long ob- 
lique pupils of 
his eyes, and 
his longer tail, 
with —_ longer 
and more 
bushy hair. 







by their en- 
durance, and 
their strength 
by their sagacity, and thus they are able to make 
themselves very useful to their masters. In the East, 
where the dog is not taken into companionship, large 
troops wander about the towns, and join the vultures 
in acting the part of scavengers. 
The Greyhound (Plate LX. fig. c) is only valued 
for hunting, especially in grassy places. His form is 
well adapted for speed, and he may easily be recog- 
nised by his long slender body and legs, his long 
pointed muzzle, his large chest, and narrow loins. His 
sight and hearing are very acute, but his sense of 
smell is not so highly developed as in some of the 
other dogs. The different varieties of Greyhounds 
vary much in size. The tail is carried curved up at 
the extremity. 
The Pointer (Plate IX. fig. d) is a strongly- 
built dog of moderate size; the skull is arched, the 
ears long and drooping, and the tail long and broad. 
The colour differs much. These dogs are trained to 
track birds, and to call their master’s attention to 
them by bending one of their fore legs. 
The Wolf (Canis Lupus, Plate IX. fig. e) has 
a bushy drooping tail, whereas a dog often carries 













Arctic Fox. 


The Fox 
(Vulpes — vul- 
Sea7is Plates 
fig. b) has been proverbial for his siyness, cunning 
and audacity, from the earliest times. He is found 
throughout the northern parts of the world. He is 
not particular about his food, but will eat anything 
he can get. He generally spends the day in a burrow 
which he has either dug for himself or appropriated, 
and does not set out on his predatory excursions 
till dusk. 
The Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) is found in 
the regions near the North Pole. He is grey in 
summer, and white in winter. He lives in troops, 
like the wolf and jackal, and thus differs from our 
Common Fox, who prefers a solitary life. He is rather 
smaller than the Common Fox. 
Family Urside. 
(Plate XI.) 
The Bears have a large head, a rather broad 
muzzle, short ears, and small eyes. Their thick hair 
makes them look larger than they really are. Their 
feet are armed with five strong claws, which are 
not retractile. Their canine teeth are large, and the 
molars are furnished with blunt protuberances. This 
(Bears.) 
