10 

Subelass I. 
Subelass II. 
Order I. Acanthopterygit. 
» LU. Pharyngognathi. 
5 Ul. Anacanthinte. 
Subelass III. 
Order I. Ganoidez. 
Yl. § Selachiz. 
” 
Subclass I. 
Dipnoi. 
Teleostei. 
Order IV. Fhysostomz. 
- V. Llectognatht. 
» WI. Lophobranche. 
Chondropterygii. 
Order Ul. Cyclostomz. 
IV. Leptocardit. 
yy 
Dipnoi. 
Fishes which breathe with lungs and gills, and form a connecting link with 
Amphibia and Vertebrata. 
The body is long and clothed with horny scales. 
The head is broad, the snout obtusely triangular, 
the nostrils open into the cavity of the mouth, and 
the two lungs 
open as in the 
higher Vertebrata 
by a common 
passage into the 
front wall of the 
gullet. The jaws 
and skeleton are 
in part carti- 
laginous. ee 
Lepidosiren 
paradoxva, a very rare fish, inhabiting the Amazons 
and its tributaries, is greyish brown, and attains a 
length of three or four feet. 

| vegetable substances, 

Mud-Fish (Protopterus annectens). 

in 
The Mudfish (Frotopterus annectens) is found 
the rivers of tropical Africa. It feeds on 
and passes the dry season 
buried in caked 
== mud. It grows 
fy? to the length 
of five Of -Six 
feet. 
These fish- 
es are allied to 
the genus Cera- 
todus, which was 
supposed to be 
extinct, until 
living species were obtained from the rivers of 
Queensland. 
Subclass II. Teleostei. 
Fishes with a well-developed bony skéleton, and distinetly separated vertebrae, 
of the form of a hollow double cone. 
To this Subclass most existing species of fish belong. 
Order I. Acanthopterygii. 
The front rays of the dorsal fin are undivided, 
and mostly consist of simple spines; and there are 
also some stiff rays in the front part of the anal 
fin. The lower pharyngeal bones are separated. The 
air-bladder is often absent. 
Family I. Gobiida. These are usually small 
slender scaly fishes, in which the ventral fins are 
often united into a sucking disc. They are found 
at low water under stones. 
Plate XI. fig. a. Cyclopterus lumpus, the Lump 
Fish, belongs to a section which possesses only three 
It is found in shallow sea-water, and adheres 
very firmly to the rocks with its sucker. It is found 
in the North Sea, the Baltic, and in North America. 
Plate XIV. fig. i. Godbius niger, the Black Goby, 
is, like most of the family to which it belongs, a 
little fish found between tidemarks in shallow water, 
where it seeks the bottom, and feeds on worms, 
spawn &c. 
gills. 

Family Il. Pediculata. A small group of ugly 
fishes with a naked or warty skin, and very mov- 
able pectoral fins, which are situated behind the 
small gill-openings. 
Plate XI. fig. b. Lophius piscatorius, the 
Fishing Frog, is common in the European seas, and 
attains a length of four or five feet. The head is 
very large, flattened and frog-like, the mouth wide, 
and armed with large teeth, adapted for seizing 
its prey. 
Family Il. Percidae. The Perches are coarsely- 
scaled fishes with spiny fins, spines on the bones of 
the gill-covers, and one or two dorsal fins, of which 
only the first is usually spiny. They are all car- 
nivorous. 
Plate XV. fig. d. Ferca fluviatilis, the Perch, 
is common in fresh water all over Europe. The 
back ts of a greenish colour with dark transverse 
bands, and the fins are red The Perch rarely 
