40 
hole in the ground in which she deposits her eggs. 
The males chirp loudly. 
Fig. h. Locusta migratoria, the Migratory 
Locust, has grey tegmina spotted with brown, and 
the wings are greenish. The hind femora are dark 
green, and the tibie brownish-red. They are only 
occasional visitors in England. The eggs, to the 
number of 150, are laid in hard clusters near the 
surface of the ground, and hatch in the following 
Order VII. 
The Hemzptera have generally four wings, which 
are not scaly. They have a long proboscis, with 
which they suck the juices of plants, and sometimes 
of animals. They are divided into three large sections. 
Section I. Heteroptera. 
In the true Bugs, the antenne are of moderate 
length, and often angulated; the body is compressed, 
and often broad, the scutel- 
lum is large, and the front 
wings are horny at the base, 
and membranous at the tip ; 
the hind wings are also 
membranous. A few species 
are apterous. Many of them 
exhale an unpleasant odour. 
Most species live on plants; 
those which are aquatic are a) thorax. b) corium. ¢) membrane. 
carnivorous. d) hind wing. e) scutellum. 
Family I. Pentatomide. The body is generally 
short, broad and smooth, and the antenne are 
placed on each side of the head, with the base of 
the proboscis between them. The scutellum is very 
large, sometimes almost entirely covering the wings 
when they are closed. 
Fig. u. Graphosoma lineatum is striped with 
red and black above, and is red with black spots 
beneath. The antenne and legs are black. It is 
common on umbelliferous plants in Central and 
Southern Europe, but is not British. 
Fig. v. Zyvopicoris rufipes is one of the com- 
monest species of the family on grass and bushes. 
It is dark brown, with reddish spots on the sides 
of the abdomen, and at the end of the scutellum, 
and has red legs. The shoulders are very prominent. 
Fig. w. FPentatoma baccarum is reddish brown 
and is clothed with fine hair. It is fond of various kinds 
of berries, to which it imparts a disagreable flavour. 
Eurydema ornatum is found on Bitter-Cress, and 
has a yellowish thorax spotted with black. The 
scutellum is red with a black spot, and the wings 
are very variable in colour, sometimes red and some- 
times black. 
Family II. Coreide. These insects have a long 
body and a small head. The proboscis is provided 
with a long sheath, and the antenne are longer than 
the head. 
Fig. x. Syromastes marginatus is yellowish 
brown speckled with black. It is found on bushes 
iu all parts of Europe, and hibernates in the per- 
fect state. 
Family III. Pyrrhocoride. The form is oval, 
and the head projects between the antenne in an 
obtusely-pointed triangle. The wings are imperfectly 
developed, and sometimes absent. 

| 

spring. The larve moult five times, and are full- 
grown about Midsummer. They are most destructive 
in all their stages, for they eat down grass and corn to the 
roots, and destroy everything which comes in their way. 
Fig. i. Cidipoda stridulum is a conspicuous 
insect on the Continent by its red wings, but is not 
found in England. It flies with a grating sound in 
vineyards and dry slopes, and might be mistaken for 
a butterfly on the wing, from its bright colour. 
Hemiptera. 
Plate XXV (left side). 

Fig. y. Pyrrhocoris apterus is common at the 
foot of old lime trees and nut trees. The legs are black, 
and the body and wings are varied with red and black. 
Family IV. Lyggzide. These bugs, which much 
resemble those of the last family, are generally to 
be found under stones and moss. 
Fig. z. Lygeus equestris is a red and black 
species which is sometimes found in great numbers 
in the rotten trunks of oak-trees. It is, however, 
very rare in England, if found at all. 
Family V. Cimicida. The species are round 
or oval, and smooth, with a small head. The pro- 
boscis is enclosed in a short sheath, and the legs 
and antenne are of moderate length. The wings 
are frequently undeveloped. 
Fig. aa. Cimex lectularius, the Bed-Bug, is 
reddish brown with short black hairs, It hides in 
crevices by day, and comes out at> night to suck 
blood. It emits a very disagreable odour. It is 
now found all over the world, but is probably ori- 
ginally a native of Africa. 
Family VI. Reduviida. The Wheel-Bugs have 
the head long and narrow at the base like a neck, 
a short proboscis, and long slender antenne. The 
fore wings have only a few nervures, and _ the legs 
are usuallly long. 
Fig. bb. Reduvius personatus feeds on other 
insects. It is greyish brown, with red legs. During 
the day it hides in crevices, or under bark or moss, 
and comes out at night in search of other insects, 
on which it preys. The larve are very hairy, and 
live among rubbish. 
Family VU. Hydrometride. The body is long, 
as well as the legs and antenne, but the wings are 
generally rudimentary or absent. The fore wings are 
of a leathery texture throughout. 
Fig. cc. Hydrometra paludum is a dark brown 
species which runs and leaps with great agility on the 
surface of standing water, and feeds on other insects. 
Family VII]. Nepide. The Water Scorpions 
have a small round head, and a strong curved pro- 
boscis. The legs are long and bare, and the front 
legs, which are used to seize prey, somewhat re- 
semble the pincers of a scorpion. 
Fig. dd. Nepa cinerea is a brown insect, with 
a red abdomen which is usually concealed by the 
wings. They creepgslowly at the bottom of stag- 
nant water, and fly about at night. 
Family IX. Notonectide. The Water Boatmen 
have a very short broad head, and the hind legs are 
long and fringed, and serve as oars. 
Fig. ee. Notonecta glauca is black, with the 
head and thorax whitish. The wings are yellowish- 
brown with brown spots. The belly is smooth and 
hairy, and the back is boat-shaped. It is an excellent 
swimmer, and rows itself about very rapidly on its back. 
