138 DR. GWYN JEFFREYS ON THE MOLLUSCA OF THE [Feb. 19, 



Distribution. Arctic and northern seas in both hemispheres, 

 southwards to Christlaniafiord in Europe and to New England in 

 America, Barentz Sea, and Behring Strait; 8-160 fms. Mr. 

 McAndrew dredged a fresli-looking fragment in 38 fathoms off 

 Duncansby Head in Caithness. 



Fossil. Pliocene : Newer Crags in our eastern counties. Post- 

 tertiary : Sweden, Aberdeenshire, Bridlington, and Canada. 



The uppermost part of the spire is formed of two or three nearly 

 cylindrical and quite smooth \^horls ; the point or apex is rather 

 blunt and twisted. In a North-American specimen, from which 

 part of the apex had been broken off during the lifetime of the 

 animal, the fracture had been mended and the exposed opening 

 filled by a small convex shelly plug. 



It is the S. suhulata of Couthouy, not of Sowerhy's ' Mineral 

 Conchology.' 



14. ScALARiA TURTON-3E (titrtotiis), Turton. 



Tiirho turt07iis, Tuit. Conch. Diet. p. 208. f. 97. 



S. turtontp, B. C. iv. p. 89 ; v. pi. Ixxi. f. 2. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 18/0; A4l. St. C. Sagres ; Med. 50 (frag- 

 ment). 



Distribution. Loffoden I. to the iEgean, Adriatic, Madeira, and 

 Cape Verd I. ; 5-45 fms. 



Fossil. Pliocene : Red and Norwich Crag, Nice, Central and 

 Southern Italy. Post-tertiary: West of Scotland, Ireland, S.France, 

 Leghorn, and Rhodes. 



This species might be the Turbo anihicjuvs of Liune, hut for the 

 character " basi vmbilicata." The best known of several synonyms 

 is 5. temdcostata of Michaud. 



In that admirable periodical the 'Journal de Conchyliologie ' for 

 January 1868 (which contains a review of the 4th volume of 

 'British Conchology ') the Editor, M. Crosse, ohjected to the specific 

 name turtoncE, because it was that of the describer. Dr. Turton ; 

 and he remarked that I had not done well to change the original 

 name turtonis for lurtonce, " sous pretexte que Turton a eu I'inten- 

 tion de donner a I'espece, non pas son propre nom, mais celui de sa 

 fille." But Dr. Turton, in his ' Conchological Dictionary ' (p. 208) 

 expressly gives the credit of discovering this species to his daughter, 

 adding " whose name we have attached to it." That specific name 

 has been adopted and used by all British conchologists, and it is at 

 all events more justifiable than the names proposed by Mr. Clark 

 and Dr. Gray in honour of their wives, and bj^ the old Italian geolo- 

 gist Gioeni in honour of himself. The termination of the specific 

 name in the present case is in strict accordance with the usual 

 custom. By the rules of biological nomenclature, which were framed 

 and adopted hy the British Association for the Advancement of 

 Science, specific names may be changed when their meaning is 

 " glaringly false " or they have not been clearly defined. But 

 neither of these objections is aj)plicable to the present case. 



