182 MR. J. B. SUTTON ON THE [Mar. 18, 



are prone to become the seat of disease ; hence the so-called predi- 

 lection of disease to attack particular structures. Examples of rule 

 b will be given in treating of diseases of the ovaries. 



Diseases of the Organs of Respiration. 



Diseases of the lungs, in some form or other, make fearful havoc 

 among these creatures, the three most common aifections being 

 Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and Pleurisy. 



Bronchitis. — This condition of lung is most frequent among Lions, 

 Tigers, and Leopards. It is very unsatisfactory to say that a beast 

 died of this affection unless one has seen the creature during life ; but 

 with the bronchi containing much frothy mucus and no other visible 

 lesion, it is always with much reluctance I assent to have this word 

 written in the death column. In rickety animals there is no need 

 for doubt, as with soft, yielding thoracic parietes, even a slight attack 

 of bronchitis in young animals is very quickly fatal. 



Pneumonia (Lobar). — This is frequently met with among Car- 

 nivora ; it runs through the usual stages as observed in man — en- 

 gorgement, red and grey hepatization. From my observations it 

 would appear that death in the engorgement stage is of more common 

 occurrence than in man. Bears are particularly subject to ftneu- 

 monia, and in them the inflammatory products, instead of resolving, 

 break down into pus. The posterior lobe of one lung is affected, but 

 the morbid material in its course along the bronchi, and into the 

 trachea, is drawn into the opposite lung by inspiration, so that the 

 portion of lung immediately in the neighbourhood of the larger 

 bronchi of the unaffected lung becomes affected, secondarily, by the 

 morbid material thus inspired. 



Pleurisy. — Double pleurisy is exceedingly common among the 

 wild Carnivora, as it is in the domestic Cat (I exclude from this 

 list those cases of pleurisy arising from inflammation set up by the 

 presence of parasites in the lungs). The disease is usually double, 

 and of long standing ; the fluid breaks down the barrier between the 

 two pleural cavities, so that they form by means of organized in- 

 flammatory material one continuous cavity. The lung-substance 

 becomes condensed and carnified by the pressure of fluid, which 

 often amounts to two gallons ; this interferes with respiration, and 

 the animal dies. This has caused the Society the loss of several 

 very fine animals. The condition of the lung in collapse is so very 

 interesting that it will be well to give a few details respecting it. 



Condensation, Atelectasis, or Apneumaiosis are terms used to 

 signify the condition of the lungs before birth, or in other words 

 lung-tissue which has never contained air. After respiration has 

 been established, if from any cause the lung be rendered airless, as 

 by the pressure of a tumour or particularly of fluid in the pleura, a 

 return to the foetal condition is brought about. A lung which is 

 thus collapsed is often referred to as b'eing in " a state of caruifi- 

 cation," on account of the fleshy appearance it presents on section ; 

 this alone is sufficient to distinguish it from pneumonic lung, not- 

 withstanding that it sinks ia water. 



