1888.] THE CARPUS AND TARSUS OF THE ANURA. 167 



its skeleton (32), and Gegenbaur, Born, and Bayer (2) have more 

 recently redescribed it. Born states that in the larva of Pelobates 

 it possesses two phalanges (6, p. 59) — that is to say, there was 

 originally a second segment added to that which we regard as its 

 metatarsal. While we have not seen this ourselves we are able to 

 record the presence of snch a phalanx in Pelodytes {ph. iii. fig. 13), 

 attached at right angles to the metatarsal {p.h. ii.). In Xenophrys 

 the pre-hallux is relatively small, consisting of a single piece 

 (fig. \7,p.K) which ossifies late. 



The calcar of Pelobates is set on at right angles to the plane of 

 the foot, and, in displacing it for examination side by side with 

 adjacent parts, most observers have hitlierto dislodged tarsalia 1 and 

 2 from their natural connexions. Born first described the hallux- 

 tarsal in this animal (3, p. -J-16) ; and we have already shown (p. 148) 

 that its relationships to the basal segments of the pre-hallux in 

 Pelodytes necessitate a revival of the older view concerning the 

 morphology of the naviculare. In Xenophrys the hallux-tarsal is 

 very large and lozenge-shaped, being wedged in (fig. 17, i) between 

 the heads of the 1st and 2nd metatarsals, 



A\ith respect to the remaining tarsalia we find, in this famil}'-, as 

 with the carpalia, an inconstancy. While in Pelodytes and Pelobates 

 tarsalia 2 and 3 are quite distinct, in Xenophrys (fig. 17, ^ ^) thev 

 unite to form the "cuboideum " so well known in the Common Frog. 

 In young specimens this bone is in articulation with the outer half 

 of the head of metatarsal 2, but in the adult it becomes shortened 

 up in a manmer suggestive of ifyla (p. 146 & fig. 19). 



The ligamentous representative of the 4th and 5th tarsals is well 

 marked in all three genera. We are unable to reconcile the descrip- 

 tion and figures of this and the tliird tarsal given by Bayer (2), 

 either with each other or with the feet at our disposal. 



C. HyLIDjE. 



Examined : — 



Hyla peronii ; H. freycineti ; H. lichenata ; 2 H. ewingii ; 



5 H. ccerulea ; H. albopunctata ; 5 H. arborea, tadpoles. 

 Nototrema marsupiattan. 



Phyllomedusa hypnchondrialis : small specimen. 

 Phyllomedusa dacnicolor : large specimen. 



Fore Foot (fig. 20). 



The characters of both fore and hind feet are very constant 

 throughout this family. The rotation of the fore foot upon the 

 fused radius and ulna is, in all, very marked. The naviculare is 

 central in position in all but Phyllomedusa and Nototrema, in which 

 two genera it sends up a radial spur which we have shown to be 

 secondary (p. 159). 



The carpalia 3 and 4 have coalesced with the postaxial centrale to 



