1888.] 



DR. H. GADOW ON THE REMIGES OF BIRDS. 



663 



Group C. — Transitional group from B to D, comprising the Stur- 

 noid Passeres of Wallace. The numerous and considerable 

 exceptions destroy the validity of this group. General characters 

 are: — 10 distinct primaries; the 9th is long and helps to 

 form the tip of the wing. Tlie 10th primary is considerably 

 shortened. The ] 1th primary is lost completely, but its upper 

 covert is still present ; the latter is, as a rule, very small, i xcept 

 in Heteralocha, where it reaches a length of 1".5 centim. 



