496 



CARL SKOTTSBERG 



fruit), B. stellulata f. protothallina (greyish white, black fruit), PJiyscia picta 

 (white), Parnielia caperata (greenish grey), Riiwdina Pcrousii [\\\\\i\^\\). 



Beloiv Mataveri, June 21, igij. Rocky shore. 



A. Swell zone, more or less washed by the sea except at low tide and 

 in calm weather. Bluegreen algae. 



B. Storm zone at the base of the cliffs. Honeycombed lava blocks. 

 Plant cover irregular, whitish from the salt spray. Paspaliirn Forsteriojuun-Ass. 



Pa Lycinm sandvicense, i Asplenhmi obtusatnm, I 



Paspahun Forsterianuni, bunches, 3 Chenopodiuni auibignuui, i 



Sonchus oleraceus, i Portiilaca olcracea, i 



Verbena litoralis, i Saino/ns npcns, i 



Fi Cynodon dactylon, 3 G Euphorbia serpens, i. 



On the rocks various lichens, Physcia picta being most obvious (see 

 under C). 



C. Steep to almost vertical rock face. Physcia picta-Buellia-Ass. 



Leading species: Physcia picta (large, thin white crusts), DiploscJiistcs 

 aiiactiniis (large, mouse-grey patches), Parmclia conspcrsa var. lusitana (yellow- 

 ish), Biicllia Glaziouana (straw coloured, black fruit); less common: Buellia 

 fcrnandcziana (light brownish grey, grey fruit), B. JialopJiiloides var. piuinosa 

 (yellowish grey, black fruit), B. paschalis (whitish yellow, black fruit), B. stel- 

 lulata f. protothallina (greyish white, black fruit), Caloplaca lucens and C. spec, 

 (orange), C. spec, (dirty orange), Lecidea paschalis (greyish, black fruit). 



This community forms a characteristic, more or less closed mosaic vi- 

 sible from a considerable distance on account of the large white Physcia. 



In rock fissures: Aspleniuin obtusatnm. 



D. Inside the entrance to a large cave. 



F2 Sonchus oleraceus, i Apiian prostratum, i 



Fi Oxalis corniculata, 3 G Euphorbia serpens, 2. 



Near Tongariki, June 2p, igij. Scattered colonists on stony shore. 

 Apimn prostratum, Bocrhavia repens, Samolus repcns. Tetragonia expansa. 



Islet Moto Ntii, K. Backstrom, June 28, 1^27. Paspalum Forsterianum- 

 Ass.: Bromus urtioloides, Chenopodiuin ambiguum, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria 

 horizontalis, Paspalum Forsterianum. 



THE GRASSLAND 



A group of closely related associations (or facies of one association) which 

 have most species in common and cover most of the soil. Plate 29. 



