MAKINK AI.CAl. COMMl NITIKS OK IHK JUAN KRRNANl )K/ ISI.ANIiS 687 



is found also on the shores oi tlie continent, where lo of the 54 species occur, 

 and in tlie Peruvian llora are several non-insular s|)ecies of the same character, 

 such as L liactoitorplia cayiilagi)ica, L aulerpa J/irgr/l/foniiis, Sctrj^ttssio^/ pacifiann, 

 Sfyatoglossuiii crispatuni, Xcurocarpits taker i, Cnlidhiiii spp., and perha|)s some 

 additional l\hodoph}xeae (MoWK, The Marine Algae of Peru, Mem. Torr. liot. 

 Club XV, 1914). 



Just as group 5 c, group 7 is Circumpolar, but of a much more southerly 

 distribution, and with the exception o^ SchizoserJs. the species have been recorded 

 from the Antarctic region jiroi)er. Whereas Polysiplionia abscissa ranges north 

 to Peru, the other three appear to be confined to Magellanian waters; our know- 

 ledge of the marine flora of Chile is, however, far from complete. 



Before entering on a discussion of the history of the marine flora of |uan 

 Fernandez, it is necessary to pay attention to the fauna. It appears from Dr. 

 L. Plate's brief summary (Zur Kenntnis der Insel Juan P'ernandez; Verh. d. 

 Gesellsch. fiir Erdkunde Berlin, XXIII, 1896) that — as we had every reason 

 to expect — the parallelism in distribution is obvious. 



Plate found that the littoral fauna of Masatierra ■ — he did not visit Masa- 

 fuera — differs not only from the fauna of Valparaiso bay, but also from the 

 entire fauna along the stretch Arica — Cape Horn, a fauna of unmistakable uni- 

 formity. As an example PLATE mentions the Pxhinoderms. The islands are 

 poor in species as compared with the coast, but most of them are endemic. 

 The continental forms occurring at the islands are either North Chilean or Peru- 

 vian, or have a wider range along the coast down to the latitude of Valparaiso 

 or even farther south. PLxamples taken from various other groups are also 

 quoted; the MoUusca are said to be >sehr lehrreich». Plate continues: >']\Iir 

 ist kein einziges Beispiel bekannt, dass eine fiir die Breite von Chiloe oder die 

 Magalhaens-Strasse charakteristische Art auch auf Juan F'ernandez vorkame, und 

 soweit ich die Frage bis jetzt zu iibersehen vermag, zwingen die Tatsachen zu 

 der Annahme, dass die Kiistenfauna der Insel von Peru oder Nord-Chile her 

 eingewandert ist > (p. 224), and finally: »Aus dem Gesagten ergiebt sich dem- 

 nach, dass die Fauna der Gezeiten- und Seichtwasserzone von Juan Fernandez 

 erstens durch ihren Reichtum an endemischen P'ormen und zweitens dadurch 

 angezeichnet ist, dass, wo Ubereinstimmungen mit der kontinentalen P"auna sich 

 nachweisen lassen, diese auf eine Einwanderung von Nord-Chile oder Peru her 

 hindeuten> (p. 226). There are, however, species which have other relations. 

 Subantarctic forms, not ranging north to North Chile or Peru, are known from 

 Juan F"ernandez, also among the animals. Of non-endemic species, some have 

 a quite different type of distribution. Two cases are mentioned by Plate, the 

 famous langosta , Paliuurus frontalis (now cdWed. Jasiis Lalandei), ^K\d. Littorijia 

 niauritiana. Neither of these occur on the coast of America. Jasus is Austral- 

 circumpolar and has very much the same distribution as Splaclinidijun (my 

 group 5 c); just as this, it reaches the Desventuradas Islands. Littorina is Indo- 

 pacific (Mauritius, Australia, Oceania, E. Asia) and corresponds to my group 5 b. 

 Consequently we have, also in the Fauna, a non-American element for which a 



