688 C. SKOTTSBERG 



South Americati origin is improbable, but PLATE seems to have paid too little 

 attention to these exceptions tVom the rule. 



From the papers in the zoological volume of this work (vol III) some in- 

 formation on these questions may be had. 



W. Fischer (p. 45) reports the first Gephyroid from Juan Fernandez, an 

 endemic species of the genus Aspidosiplwn. It shows some relation to a species 

 from Panama. There are many Sipunculidae known from Central America and 

 the northwest coast of South America, but not iVom Chile. The Juan Fernan- 

 dez species should be referred to a Subtropical element, represented also in 

 America. 



Rexdaiils report on the Fishes (p. 49) lists 40 species stated to occur at 

 the islands, but a major part of our collections was lost. The endemic element 

 includes 20 species, of which one represents an endemic genus. The others 

 belong to Subtropical or Tropical genera, some of which occur also in the At- 

 lantic, and correspond to my group 8 b; some are found also on the coast of 

 Chile and Peru. Six genera have their home in Australian waters, including 

 New Zealand, and of these 3 do not reach the continent; i is Indo-Pacific. 

 I would include these under 8 c. Of the non-endemic species, 16 are continental, 

 mostly of a Subtropical character, and all except 3 found on the Chilean coast; 

 of these, i is known from the Galapagos Islands, and 2 from Peru. Among 

 these 16 fishes are representatives of groups 2, 3 (probably also 4), 5 a and 5 c. 

 Of the remaining 4, 2 belong to Australia and New Zealand (group 5 b), i is 

 African-Subantarctic, and i from the Tropical Atlantic. Of the 15 species 

 known also from the coast of Chile or Peru, no less than 9 ha\e not been found 

 elsewhere and constitute a stronger American element than we find among the 

 algae (22 ''2 % against 15 %). Among the Juan Fernandez fishes, there seem to 

 be none corresponding to groups i or 7, Subcosmopolitan or Subantarctic- 

 antarctic; otherwise, the parallelism with the marine algae seems complete. 



Of marine Ai)iphipoda our collection contains only 4 species (ClllLTOX, 

 p. 81); 2 are » widely distributed in all seas-, i was known from Subantarctic 

 America and the coast of Chile and observed only on drifting Macrocystis, thus 

 not a regular member of the insular fauna, the fourth was identified with a 

 species known before from Brazil. 



Marcus' paper on the Bryozoa (p. 93) is of interest from our viewpoint, 

 though our present knowledge of the Chilean and Peruvian faunas is very limited. 

 Among the 19 species recorded from Juan Fernandez 2 are endemic; on the 

 other hand, 8 are Cosmopolitan or have, at least, a wide range in the Atlantic 

 and Pacific, all of them reaching high southern latitudes; they also belong to the 

 Magellanian fauna. Two species so far only found in the Atlantic, including 

 the Arctic Sea and Magellanian localities, may be added here, 2 are Southwest 

 Pacific (Tasm., N. Zeal., etc.), 4 are Subantarctic-circumpolar, and i Indo-Pacific. 

 We have no special West American element, but otherwise a parallelism with 

 the distribution of the Algae seems pretty distinct. There are numerous species 

 common to Juan P'ernandez and the Magellanian region, though most of these 

 have a wide range, and we have some more strictly Subantarctic forms, just 



