MAkl.NK AI.CIAL COM.MUNITIKS OK '1 HK JUAN IKKNANDI-/ ISLANDS 689 



as amon^ the Algae. MARCUS states tliat I'l.A'i Ks conclusions are not supported 

 by the Bryozoa as regards the difference between the islands and the continent, 

 and he emphasizes that there is a "weitgehende Ubereinstimmung> in the com- 

 position of the American Subantarctic and the Juan Fernandez faunas. 



Only I species of the Alcyonaria has been described (Moi.AM>i;k, p. 129); 

 it belongs to a genus known before from Malaisia, the l^hili[)[)inc Is., Australia 

 and Oceania, but not from America, a distribution as in group 5 b. Of the 3 

 Ascidia (1 1 \R imkyek, (). 131), i (endemic) species belongs to a Circum-austral 

 genus, I is Subantarctic-Chilean (gr. 7), i Californian (gr. 4). The 2 Pycnogo- 

 iiidia (LoMAN, [). 137) are endemic; one belongs to a monotypical genus, the 

 other to a genus well represented (jn the Pacific coast of North America, but 

 not extending to South America. Three Actijiia were collected at luan l-'er- 

 nandez, 2 endemic species and i ranging from the coast of Peru to the latitude 

 of Valparaiso (Carlgrex, p. 145). 



Of the very large class of Polycliacia only 35 species have been collected 

 at Juan P'ernandez, of which 5 have remained undetermined (AUGEXER, p. 161). 

 Of the 30 known species 9 are endemic (i belonging to a monotypical genus) 

 and 2 represented by endemic varieties of widely distributed species; also some 

 recognized as specifically distinct come very near other species, whereas some 

 seem to be more independent. The non-endemics agree, in their distribution, 

 with the seaweeds. The difference between the insular fauna and the Central 

 Chilean is well marked, only 6 species being common to both, and of these all 

 except one are also known from elsewhere and have a wide distribution. The 

 following distribution types are represented: group 2 a (5 sp.), 2 b (5 sp.), 3 

 (i sp.), 5 b (2 sp.), 7 (8 sp.), nearly all also in the [Nlagellanian region and some 

 showing a more Austral than Subantarctic distribution, approaching 5 c. 



As mentioned above, PLATE pointed out the great resemblance between 

 the Mollusc faunas of the islands and the coast of Peru and north Chile. 

 Odiiner, who worked up our material I pp. 219, 481) came to the same result. 

 The total number of species is 40, of which 20 are endemic, and there are 2 

 endemic genera. Of the remaining 20 species 13 are American, a stronger 

 American element than we have found in any other group, 4 are West Pacific 

 and do not reach the coast, 3 have a wide tropical range (groups 3, 5 b and 2). 

 With two exceptions, the endemic forms have their nearest relatives on the 

 coast of the continent. The Subantarctic element is nearly absent. 



With regard to the Decapoda, Balss (p. 329) gave a list of the 21 species 

 hitherto found at Juan Fernandez. There are 6 endemics, and at least 2 of 

 these have their closest allies in Xew Zealand. The non-endemics are mainly 

 American 16 Peru-Chile, 2 Galapagos), or Austral-circumpolar (4, one not rang- 

 ing east to Chile); i is found in Australia-New Zealand, i in South Africa, 

 I is Cosmopolitan; thus, groups 3 and 5 are the largest. Es zeigt sich, dass, 

 wie zu erwarten, enge Beziehungen zu dem benachbarten chilenischen P"estlande 

 bestehen; ferner kommen einige circumsubantarktische Arten vor. - > Interessant 

 sind die Beziehungen zu Australien und Neuzeeland . . . We have found the 



