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Qucbrada de la Piedra Agujereada, Masatierra, looking South. Deforested slopes with 

 a few scattered lumas. — Photo 174 1917. 



The entrance to the Pangal gorge is, at about 100 m, filled with degraded 

 luma-maqui forest with Boehmeria excelsa along the stream. A little farther in, 

 ferns become frequent in the undergrowth, and above 200 m good-sized Dicksojtia 

 appears in the bottom of the rapidly narrowing gulch; Arthroptej'is is a common 

 scandent fern here (PI. 87). Further advance is soon checked by a perpendicular 

 cliff, over which the water comes down in a cascade, fringed with Cladium and 

 Gimnera peltata (PI. 78, St. 38). The canyon walls are too steep to allow anything 

 like a forest to exist, but solitary small trees and shrubs and patches of herbs 

 and grasses have colonized every ledge and nook where there is sufficient soil 

 to offer a foothold; landslides had left their mark here. Above the waterfall the val- 

 ley is V-shaped and filled with forest, but the limit between the lower and upper 

 montane type was not determined here (PI. 89:1). 



From Cordon P^scarpado to Cordon Salsipuedes. The deeply 

 eroded valley system facing Bahia Cumberland drains the most elevated part of 

 the main range. It consists of 3 valleys, Ouebrada de la Damajuana, Valle Anson 

 and Valle Colonial. The crest of Cordon Escarpado has low brushwood (St. 32), 

 with a mixture of native species and weeds in the undergrowth. In the Damajuana 

 gulch the macal begins at about 150 m above sea-level and fills the valley to the 

 foot of the steep slope of Cordon Damajuana, which is very barren toward the 

 sea (St. 46), but the inner part of the valley from about 200 or 250 m is well 



