1885.] 'lightning' AND ' porcupine' EXPEDITIONS. 57 



Distribution. Lofoden I. to Gibraltar, throughout the Mediter- 

 ranean, Black Sea, Adriatic, Marocco, Canaries, and Azores; 0-140 

 fms. Inhabits the littoral and laminarian zones. 



Fossil. Miocene, Pliocene, and Post-tertiary ; throughout 

 Europe, Cos, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Madeira ; 0-200 ft. 



For this abundant and widely spread species WeinkaufF has par- 

 ticularized 1/ synonyms; but I must demur to the inclusion of 

 C. aagustissimum of Forbes, which, according to the type now before 

 me, is a species of Oerithiopsis, and the same species which Delle 

 Chiaje described and named as Cerithium metaxa. The best knowu 

 synonym is Murex scaber of Olivi, 1/92. 



It seems to be replaced on the northern coasts of the United States 

 by C. nigrum of Totten. The longitudinal ribs or striae are often 

 varicose ; hence Nyst described and figured a variety of the present 

 species as a Crag fossil under the name of C. variculosum. 



10. Cerithium pusillum, Jeffreys. 



Turritellal pusilla, Jeffr. in Ann. & Mag. N. H. Febr. 1856, 

 p. 42, f. 10, 11, 



« Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. C. Sagres, 26, Tangier B.; Med. 

 50, Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank. 



Distribution. C. Breton {De Folin), Mediterranean and Black 

 Sea; 12-120 fms. 



Fossil. Miocene : Vienna Basin (Homes). Pliocene : Monte 

 Mario, Calabria, Sicily, and Rhodes. 



C. schwartzi, Homes, 1856, and C. submammillutum, Rayneval, 

 1864. Fischer says "non C. pusiUum, Gould," and that it is anterior 

 to my name ; but I described and figured the present species in 

 1855-56, and Gould described his species in 1862. 



The basal groove is so slight and shallow that I at first thought 

 it might be a Turritella. Specimens are occasionally varicose. 



Siphonibranchiata. 

 Family XXIX. Cerithiopsid.«. 

 1. Triforis perversa, Linue. 



Trochus perversus, L. S. N. p. 1231. 



Cerithium perversum, B. C. iv. p. 261 ; v. p. 21/, pi. Ixxx. f. 5. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. 26, 30, Tangier B. ; Med. 

 Algesiras B., 45, Benzert Road, Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank. 



Distributio7i. Christiansmid and Bohusliin to Egypt, Black Sea 

 and Adriatic, Marocco, Madeira, Canaries, Azores, N. Pacific {Cooper 

 f. P. Carpenter) ; 0-205 fms. ' 



Fossil. Miocene : Mayence and Vienna Basins, Transylvania and 

 Calabria. Pliocene : Red and CoraUiue Crags, S. France, Italy, 

 Morea, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Madeira. Post-tertiarv : Scandinavia 

 and Ireland; 0-120 ft. 



