358 DR. ST. G. MIVART ON THE ARCTOIDEA. [Apr. 21, 



For an account of the myology of Cercoleptes, see J. Beswick 

 Perrin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18/1, p. 547. 



The tongue is long, narrow, and exceedingly extensible. The 

 circumvallate papillae are as in Nasua. The fungiform papillae 

 are scattered over the surface generally. There is a rounded patch 

 of somewhat elongated conical papillae in the middle of the dorsum. 

 There are no marked flattened papillee. The lytta is very elon- 

 gated and stout. 



The liver is very like that of Nasua, but the cystic notch is 

 deeper. 



There are the two normal anal glands. 



The lungs present four lobes on the right side, and two on the 

 left. 



The thyroid cartilage is, as in Cams, much deeper in front 

 medianly than in ^Eluroids. It is indeed deeper or narrower there 

 than elsewhere, whereas in all the ^Eluroids I have examined it is 

 narrower in the middle than anywhere else. 



The external ear has no pouch. The conch is rather smooth. 

 There is a tragus and an antitragus and a ridge-like supratragus 

 (the front end of which is most prominent), with a vertical ridge in 

 front of it, which ends superiorly within the anterior margin of the 

 conch. 



The brain is short and rounded. The Ursine lozenge is not 

 strongly defined. The cranial and calloso-marginal sulci join ^ 



Ailurus '-. — This, the first Old- World Arctoid we have to consider, 

 is found in the South-eastern Himalayas amongst rocks and trees 

 at an elevation of from 7000 to 12,000 feet. It feeds mainly on fruits 

 and other vegetable matters. The Panda has a broad, short face, 

 small eyes, large, erect, pointed ears, and a naked end to the muzzle. 

 The limbs are stout, and the locomotion is plantigrade, although 

 the palmar and plantar surfaces are almost entirely hairy. The 

 claws are large but blunt, and not at all retractile. 



The vertebrae are 14 dorsal, 6 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 18 caudal. 

 The length of the second inferior true molar, compared with that 

 of the skull, is greater than in any other Arctoid. 



To the cranial characters already described by Professor Flower, 

 the following notes may be added : — Though the muzzle is so short, 

 yet it is upturned distad in a way which recalls the form of the 

 skull of Nasua. The zygomata are more arched, both upwards and 

 outwards, than in the hitherto described genera, but most resembling, 

 of the three, the condition existing in Procyon, The infraorbital 

 foramen is large. The palate is curiously arched, being strongly 



I See P. Z. S. 1869, p. 13. 



'•* Ailurus fulgens, F. Cuv. Mamm. iii. 50 livr. ; {Panda) Hardwicke, Linn. 

 Trans, xv. p. 161, pi. 2; Wagner's Supp. vol. ii. p. 177 ; Gervais, Mamm. 

 ii. p. 23; Brian Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi. p. 1113 

 (1847), where an account of the animal's habits is given ; Gray, P. Z. S. 

 1864, p. 70S (with figures of skull and palate) ; P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 278, 

 408-507, pi. xli. ; Flower, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 762 (anatomy, with wood- 

 cuts) ; De Blainville, Osteographie, Siibursus, pi. vii. ; Bartlett, on Habits 

 in Captivity, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 769. 



