1885.] DR. ST. G. MIVART ON THE ARCTOIDEA. 385 



postorbital processes, though the latter may be very slightly marked 

 or strongly so. The skull is extremely pinched in behind the orbits. 

 There is a large sagittal and very large lambdoidal ridge. The 

 skull is extremely broadened out behind, but the muzzle is very 

 short. The postglenoid process is much developed, and tends to 

 hold the mandilde as in the Badger. The basioccipital is very thin, 

 and defect of ossification may exist in it and in the exoccipitals. 

 The rbinencephalic fossa is also shallower than heretofore^. The 

 crista galli is large. Tiie turbiuals are very large and complex. The 

 infraorbital foramen is enormously large. The angle of the man- 

 dible is much as in Meles but rather strongly everted, the ascending 

 ramus being very concave externally. 



Molar formula=-P. \, M. \. 



The middle incisor of each ramus of the mandible is placed behind 

 the other two. The upper sectorial and molar are much like those 

 of Helictis-, save that the antero-interual cusp of the former is 

 smaller. The lower molar teeth are also much like those of He- 

 lictis, except that the second true molar is a little larger relatively. 



In the upper jaw the first premolar is minute ; the second and 

 third, each simple and conical, but greatly increasing in size, and 

 with an external cingulum ; the fourth has three external cusps, 

 of which the median one greatly predominates, and an external cin- 

 gulum. There is a very large internal cingulum embracing the 

 postero-internal part of the tooth, which is two thirds the length 

 of the external part. The upper molar has two external cusps and 

 a small external cingulum, with one internal {)rincipal cusp, and a 

 large internal cingulum, which may develop another internal cusp. 



In the lower jaw all the giinders have an external cingulum. 

 The three premolars are pretty simple and conical, successively in- 

 creasing in size backwards. The sectorial has two external and one 

 internal principal cusps, with a large talon developing small acces- 

 sor)' cusps. The second molar is small and rounded. 



The tongue has the papillae which clothe it pretty uniform in 

 size, except that the flattened jiapillse are elongated and rather 

 conspicuous. There are five circumvallate papillae forming a Vj 

 open forwards. 



Of the salivary glands the parotid is thin, and the submaxillary is 

 larger than the parotid ; it is, indeed, large and bilobed. 



The larynx has the thyroid cartilage rather sharply notched, 

 medianly below. 



The lungs have the form usual in the Carnivora. 



The diaphragmatic aspect of the liver is very like that presented 

 by Nasua, as also is that of its abdominal aspect, save that the Spige- 

 lian lobe is subdivided and the caudate large, and especially longer. 



The kidney differs greatly from that of all Arctoids yet described, 

 and from that of all non-Arctoid Carnivores. Instead of being 

 single, with one maniilla, it is lobulated, each of the many lobes 

 benig a little kidney in itself, with one mamilla. 



' Other Pinniped characters. '^ See antea, p. 374. 



