494 DR. ST. G. MIVART ON THE PINNIPEDIA. [May 19, 



only a faint indication of tlie groove which so' deeply divides it from 

 the tympanic in Phoca. I could detect no glenoid foramen. The 

 basis cranii is but little curved antero-posteriorly, convex downwards. 

 There is a large crista galli, but a small cerebellar process to the 

 petrosal. The condyloid foramen is larger and nearer the condyle 

 than in any of the geuera hitherto noticed, and indeed tiian in any 

 other Pinniped. Tlie zygomata are small, projecting much out- 

 wards at the glenoid surface, and thence sloping inwards and for- 

 wards. 



The mandible shows a faint trace of a subangular process. The 

 angle itself is placed very high up and is rather inflected. 



Young dentition :— 1."|, C \, P. \, M. \. 



Usual adult dentition :._I. \, C. \, P. % M. l=\S. 



The enormous tusks and perfect simplicity and similarity of the 

 other teeth, each with a flat grinding surface, have been again and 

 again described. 



Otaria '. — According to Allen there are nine species of Otaries, 

 which he arranges in six genera. Of these species the first and seventh 

 come from the Galapagos and both coasts of South America ; the 

 second from the Auckland Islands ; the third and sixth from both 

 shores of the North Pacific ; the fourth from Cahfornia ; the fifth 

 from the Australian Seas ; the eighth from the Cape of Good Hope ; 

 and the ninth from Australia, New Zealand, and the Antarctic 

 Seas. 



The Otaries turn the hind limbs forwards, and have a small 

 external ear and also a scrotum, as is well known. The palmar and 

 plantar surfaces are naked. The eyes are large. Tlie nails are 

 small or rudimentary, except those of the three middle digits of the 

 pes. 



There are 15 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 3 or 4 sacral, and 8-14 caudal 

 vertebrae. 



The skull has the anterior nares more vertical and nearer tiie 

 anterior end of the skull tliaii in the Seals. Otherwise the skull 

 resembles that of Phoca, except in the following points : — There is 

 a well-developed frontal posturbital process, and the postorbital 

 process of the zygoma is formed by the malar only. There are no 

 defects of ossification in the basioccipital and hardly any in the ex- 

 occipital ; but there may be in the basisphenoid and in the jdace of 

 the jugular and condyloid foramina. The petrotympanic is not 

 bullate, but rugged and irregular, and the course of the carotid 

 artery is plainly indicated along its inner border and is covered in 

 beneath by a rather slight and imperfect ossification. The surface 



' See Scbreber, Fortg. Wagiier, vii. p. 51 ; Peron, Toy. Terres Aust. ii. p. 4; 

 Stellar, Nov. Comiii. Petrop. ii. ; Nilsson, Vet.-Akad. liandl. (1837); Buffon, 

 xiii. p. 53 ; Supp. vi. pp. 47, 48, 49 ; Cook's Second Voy. ii. p. 203 ; Quoy et 

 Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Mamm., and Zool. Uranie; Forster, Voy. round the 

 World, ii. ; Grav, Erebus and Terror, Cat. Seals Brit. Mus. (ISfiti) p. 44; 

 Clark, P. Z. S. 1S73, p. 750, 1875, p. 6."i0, 1878, p. 371, 1884, p. 189 ; Temminek, 

 Fauna Japoniea; Murie, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. viii. p. 501 ; Gervais, Hist. Nat. 

 Mamm. ii. p. 305 ; and especially Allen, N. Anier. Pinnipeds, p. 187. 



