1 1 S Flora of the Palouse Region 



with 3 parietal several-ovuled placentae: capsule 3-valved; endos- 

 perm copious. 



192. VIOIyA. 



Mostly perennial herbs: leaves alternate, with foliaceous stipules: 

 peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary: flowers usually dimorphous, the 

 earlier ones perfect and conspicuous, but often sterile, the later 

 (near the ground in stemless species) with small and rudimentary 

 petals, cleistogamous and produciug numerous seeds: sepals un- 

 equal, more or less auricled: petals unequal, the lower spurred: 

 the two lower stamens spurred. 



Flowers violet, rarely white. V. canina. 

 Flowers yellow. 



Stems erect, leafy above. V. glabella. 



Nearly stemless: leaves ovate or oblong. V. NUTTAixui. 



Nearly stemless: leaves' orbicular. V. orbiculata. 



V. canina var. adunca Gray. Stems leafy, short or at length elongated, 

 from creeping rootstocks, nearly glabrous throughout: leaves ovate, obtuse, 

 slightly cordate at base, crenate, 1-3 cm. long, on slender petioles, 5-8 cm. 

 long; stipules foliaceous, lanceolate, fringe-toothed: flowers violet-purple, 

 rarely white: petals 6-12 mm. long, the lateral ones bearded; spurs nearly 

 straight, as long as the petals. Stony hillsides and copses. Common and 

 variable. 



V. glabella Nutt. Whole plant glabrous or nearly so; rootstock rather 

 stout, creeping: stem leaf)- above, 10-20 cm. tall: radical leaves reniform, 

 acuminate, crenate-serrate, 1-5 cm. broad, long-petioled; cauline similar, 

 short-petioled; stipules thin, membranous, ovate or lanceolate: peduncles 

 2-6 cm. long: petals yellow, purple-veined, 10-12 mm. long: spur short and 

 broad. Moist rich woods, Thatuna Hills. 



V. nuttallii Pursh. Stems mostly very short from rather thick fleshy 

 roots: leaves numerous, more or less pubescent: blades oblong or narrowly 

 ovate, obtuse, cuneate or truncate at the base, crenate or entire, 2-4 cm. 

 long; petioles margined, longer than the blades; stipules narrow, entire: 

 flowers yellow, the peduncles usually shorter than the leaves: petals about 

 5-10 mm. long; spur short and blunt. Rather rare, in meadows. A very 

 variable species. Our common form has been named V. linguaefolia Nutt. 

 A noteworthy form or variety, V. flavovirens Poll., with flowers 2-2.5 cm. 

 across, occurs near Troy. 



V. orbiculata Geyer. Rootstock short, scaly: leaves orbicular, cordate, 

 glabrous or nearly so, the deep sinus closed, obscurely crenate, 1-4 cm. 

 broad; petiole slender, 5-10 cm. long: flowering scapes about as long as the 

 leaves: petals }-ellow, 7-10 mm. long, the blunt spurs short. Coniferous 

 woods, Thatuna Hills. Occasionally short stolons are formed which bear 

 only cleistogamous flowers. 



Family 51. EOASACEAE. 



Herbs, with rough-barbed or stinging hairs: leaves alternate or 

 opposite, without stipules: flowers perfect: calyx 4-5-lobed, adher- 



