Part 3, 1916] CARDUACEAE: ANTHEMIDEAE 235 
and fimbriate at the apex. Achenes all cylindric or subcylindric, 10-ribbed or 10-angled. 
Pappus wanting, or rarely in the ray-flowers represented by a crown. 
Type species, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum \,. 
Involucral bracts with darker margins; achenes all without pappus. 
Leaves entire-margined; plant dwarf. 1. L. integrifolium. 
Leaves serrate or dentate, or rarely pinnately lobed. 
Leaves fleshy, coarsely dentate or lobed with few broad triangular 
teeth or lobes; bracts with almost black margins. 
Leaves not fleshy, serrate or dentate with numerous smaller teeth, or 
if lobed or cleft with oblong divisions; bracts with brown margins. 3. L. Leucanthemum. 
Involucral bracts with white margins; ray-achenes with a coroniform pappus. 4. L. pallens. 
to 
L. arcticum. 
1. Leucanthemum integrifolium (Richards.) DC. Prodr. 6: 45. 
1837. 
Chrysanthemum integrifolium Richards. in Frankl. Tourer, ed. 2. App. 33. 1823. 
Tanacetum integrifolium Schultz-Bip. Tanac. 35. 1844. 
Leucanthemum algidum Fisch.; Herder, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 38: 416, assynonym. 1865. 
A tufted perennial, with a rootstock; stem 2-10 cm. high, often scapiform, villous; leaves 
mostly basal, linear, entire, 5-20 mm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, sparingly hairy or glabrate; head 
solitary; involucre saucer-shaped, about 6 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad, sparingly villous at 
the base; bracts in 3 series, oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex, with almost black scarious 
margins; ray-flowers 10-15; ligules white, about 10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 
yellow, about 2.5 mm. long; tube shorter than the elongate-funnelform throat; achenes sub- 
cylindric, 10-angled; pappus wanting. 
TYPE LocaLity: Copper Mountains, Arctic Canada. 
DisTrRiBuTion: Arctic coast and islands from Melville Peninsula to Alaska and eastern Siberia. 
ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. pl. 109. 
2. Leucanthemum arcticum (I.) DC. Prodr. 6: 45. 1837. 
Chrysanthemum arcticum L. Sp. Pl. 889. 1753, 
Matricaria arctica Desr. in Lam. Encye. 3: 735. 1791. 
Tanacetum arcticum Schultz-Bip. Tanac. 35. 1844. 
Chrysanthemum Gmelini Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 541. 1845. 
Leucanthemum adustum Fisch.; Herder, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 38: 415, assynonym. 1865. 
A low perennial, with a rootstock; stem 1-3 dm. high, glabrous, or slightly villous above; 
leaves fleshy, glabrous, all except the uppermost cuneate or obovate-spatulate; lower leaves 
distinctly petioled, coarsely dentate or lobed, sometimes 3-cleft, the middle stem-leaves 
short-petioled, often 3-lobed, the upper ones sometimes entire and linear; heads solitary at the 
end of the stems; involucre saucer-shaped, 7-8 mm. high, 10-20 mm. broad, slightly villous at 
the base; bracts in 3 series, brownish, with broad, almost black, erose, scarious margins, the 
outer oblong, the inner elliptic; ray-flowers 15-25; ligules white, 10-13 mm. long, about 3 mm. 
wide; disk-corollas yellow, 3 mm. long; tube thicker than the achenes, equaling the elongate- 
funnelform throat; lobes lance-ovate; achenes subcylindric, slightly 10-ribbed, glabrous, 2 mm. 
long; pappus wanting. 
TyPE LocaLity: Kamchatka. 
DistriputTion: Arctic America from Hudson Bay to Alaska; also Siberia and Russia. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Gmel. FI. Sib. 2: ve Vi Willd. Hort. Berol. pl. 33 (2); Bot. Cab. pl. 785; 
Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3989; ed. 2. f. 4 
3. Leucanthemum Leucanthemum (L,.) Rydberg. 
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum I,. Sp. Pl. 888. 1753. 
Matricaria Leucanthemum Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 147. 1772. 
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Fl. Fr. 2: 137. 1778. 
Chrysanthemum dentatum Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. 219. 1782. 
Chrysanthemum pratense Salisb. Prodr. 203. 1796. 
Tanacetum Leucanthemum Schultz-Bip. Tanac. 35, 1844. 
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte, Cat. Pl. Vase. Fr. 227. 1848. 
Pyrethrum Leucanthemum Franch. F1. Cher-et-Loire 307. 1885. 
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum subpinnatifidum Fernald, Rhodora 5: 181. 1903. 
A perennial herb, with a rootstock; stem 2—8 dm. high, simple, sparingly hairy or glabrate; 
leaves glabrous, the basal ones long-petioled, 5-15 cm. long, spatulate, serrate or dentate, 
