236 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34 
or in the form more common in America (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum pinnatifidum or sub- 
pinnatifidum) oblanceolate and variously lobed or cleft, as well as toothed; stem-leaves sub- 
sessile, auriculate at the base, oblanceolate, coarsely dentate or pinnately lobed; heads solitary 
at the end of the stems; involucre saucer-shaped, 4-5 mm. high, 12-18 mm. broad; bracts in 
3-4 series, narrow, straw-colored, with brown margins, the outer linear-lanceolate, acute, the 
inner oblong and obtuse; ray-flowers 15-30; ligules white, I-1.5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; 
style-branches oblong, obtuse; disk-corollas yellow, 3 mm. long; tube thicker than the achene, 
cylindric, a little shorter than the narrowly funnelform throat; lobes ascending, lanceolate; 
style included; branches short, truncate and fimbriate at the apex ; achenes 1.5 mm. long, 
cylindric, 10-ribbed ; pappus wanting. Occasionally a monstrous form is found with elon- 
gate-tubular or trumpet-shaped ray-corollas. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. : d : 
DISTRIBUTION: Naturalized from Labrador and Newfoundland to Florida, California, and 
British Columbia; Bermudas; native of Europe and Asia. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 16: pl. 987, f.I, 1,2; 988. f. I, 1-14; Fl. Dan. pl. 994; 
Curt. Fl. Lond. 5: pl. 62 (2: pl. 174]; Engl. Bot. pl. 601; Sv. Bot. pl. 340; Schrank, Fl. Monac. pl. 194; 
A. Dietr. Fl. Boruss. pl. 545; Fl. Deuts. ed. 5. pl. 3040; Thomé, Fl. Deuts. pl. 584; Coste, FI. Fr. f. 
1939: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3988; ed. 2. f. 4560; Clark & Fletcher, Farm Weeds Can. pl. 26; 
ed. 2. p1. 60. 
4. Leucanthemum pallens (J. Gay) DC. Prodr. 6: 47. 1837. 
Chrysanthemum pallens J. Gay; Perreym. Pl. Fréjus 91. 1833.—Arch. Bot. 2: 545. 1833. 
Tanacetum pallens Schultz-Bip. Tanac. 35. 1844. 
A perennial, with a rootstock; stem 3-6 dm. high, sparingly long-villous or glabrous, straw- 
colored; leaves all oblanceolate or the upper linear, 3-6 cm. long, serrate, obtuse or rounded at 
the apex, the lower petioled, the upper sessile; heads solitary at the ends of the stems; involucre 
saucer-shaped, 5-6 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad; bracts in 3-4 series, straw-colored or light- 
brownish, with white scarious margins, the outer lanceolate and obtuse, the inner oblong and 
rounded at the apex; ray-flowers 15-20; ligules white, 10-12 mm. long, 3-4 1m. wide; disk- 
corollas yellow, 4 mm. long; tube thicker than the achenes, contracted above, about equaling 
the narrowly funnelform throat; lobes lanceolate; achenes subcylindric, strongly 10-angled, 
slightly scabrous or glabrous; pappus of the disk-achenes wanting, that of the ray-flowers of a 
crown of united squamellae. 
TypPr LocaLity: L’Esterel, near Fréjiis, France. 
DISTRIBUTION: Sparingly adventive in New Jersey; native of southern France, Spain, and Italy. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 16: pl. 989, f. I, 1, 2; Coste, Fl. Fr. f. 1941. 
9. CHRYSANTHEMUM lL. Sp. Pl. 887. 1753. 
Pinardia Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 41: 38. 1826. Not Pimardia Neck. 1790. 
Glebionis Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 41: 41. 1826. 
Leafy annuals. Leaves alternate, from dentate to pinnatifid. Heads radiate, solitary 
at the ends of the branches. Involucre hemispheric; bracts imbricate, in about 3 series, 
broad, thin, almost papery. Receptacle convex, naked. Ray-flowers 10-20, pistillate and 
fertile; ligules well-developed, golden-yellow. Disk-flowers numerous, hermaphrodite and 
fertile; corollas yellow, glabrous; tube cylindric, narrower than the achenes, about equaling 
the elongate-funnelform throat; lobes 5. Anthers with ovate tips. Style of the ray-flowers 
slightly exserted, with short oblong obtuse or truncate branches; that of the disk-flowers in- 
cluded, with short branches truncate or somewhat peltate and fimbriate at the apex. Achenes 
of two kinds, those of the ray-flowers short and obpyramidal, with 2 or 3 wing-angles; those 
of the disk cylindric or prismatic, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus wanting. 
Type species, Chrysanthemum coronarium L,. 
Leaves deeply dissected, bipinnatifid; ray-achenes 3-quetrous, the median angle 
with broader wing-margin. 
Z , 1. C. coronarium. 
Leaves dentate or pinnately lobed; ray-achenes with two lateral wings. 
2. C. segetum. 
