1889.] ANATOMY OF BURMEISTER’S CARIAMA. 995 
the two Seriemas; there appears, from what he says, to be no 
difference between the two species, but his account is a very brief 
one and confined to the principal characters ; so far as it goes my 
own observations are quite confirmatory of Gadow’s paper. The bird 
-is regarded by Gadow as near to Otis and Grus; this view is still 
retained * by Dr. Gadow. ‘The osteology and visceral anatomy of 
Cariama cristata have been worked out by Burmeister*. In’ the 
course of the following remarks upon the osteology of Chunga, 
which is compared with that of Carzama, I do not refer in detail to 
Bermeister’s description of the bones; as to the visceral anatomy I 
have not much to add to Burmeister’s description. Cariama is 
regarded by Burmeister as forming with, Psophia a special group 
closely allied to Cranes and more remotely to Otis and the Rails ; 
the presumed affinities with Gypogeranus are quite superficial. Bur- 
meister’s views of the affinities of the bird are based upon visceral 
as well as osteological characters, and I propose later on to examine 
this matter in connection with Psophia, the anatomy of which I am at 
present studying. I do not enter in this paper into the affinities of 
Chunga and Cariama; I merely attempt to differentiate the two 
genera and to show that they are to be distinguished by well-marked 
osteological characters, although in the visceral and muscular ana- 
tomy they are very similar. 
Osteology. 
The skull of Chunga (fig. 1, p. 596) is decidedly narrower in the 
orbital region than that of Cariama (ibid. fig. 2). 
The lachrymal bones project further out from the skull; in Cariama 
the distal region of each of these bones is bent sharply down and 
comes to lie at right angles; in Chunga the corresponding bones are 
only gently curved and therefore appear to have a relation to the 
skull different from that of Cariama. 
On the under surface of the skull several well-marked differences 
between the two types are recognizable. 
The palatines in Chunga have a nearly straight posterior margin, 
which lies therefore in a direction nearly at right angles with the 
lateral margins of the bone. 
In Cariama the angle formed by the external lateral and the 
posterior margins of the bones is greater; that is to say, the pos- 
terior margin of the palatine bone does not coincide so nearly with 
the direction of the transverse axis of the skull as it does in Ohunga. 
The mazillo-palatines of Chunga extend further forwards than in 
Cariama and each narrows gradually towards its anterior extremity ; 
in Cariama, on the contrary, these bones show a greater deficiency 
in ossification anteriorly, and so come to be somewhat abruptly 
“On the Taxonomic Value of the Intestinal Convolutions in Birds,” P. Z. 8, 
1889, p. 3038. 
* “ Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Seriema,” Abh. nat. Ges. Halle, i. (1854) 
peli 
