53 DR. B. C. A. WINDLE ON THE [Feb. I, 



by a flat tendon into the back of the femur at the junction of its 

 lower aiid middle thirds. (2) External, which is much thicker and 

 rounded, arises from a prominent tubercle near the centre of the linea 

 ileo-pectinea, and is inserted into the femur from the lower part of 

 the lesser trochanter to the upper border of the internal part of the 

 same muscle. 



Gracilis is very large, and arises from the inner part of the linea 

 ileo-pectinea, from the pubic crest, symphysis pul)is and ramus of that 

 bone, covering in the other adductors ; it is inserted into the crest of 

 the tibia, occupying nearly its up[)er iialf. Adductors longus, magnus, 

 brevis, and quadratus are present ; the lower fibres of niagnns pass 

 down as low as the head of the tibia. 



Gastrocnemius is large and its heads are without sesamoids. It 

 is joined by soleus, which is small, and fibular only in its origin. 

 There is no separate plantaris, but the posterior part of the tendo 

 Achillis passes over the back of the os calcis, to which by far the 

 greater part of the same tendon is attached, to the sole of the foot. 

 With this tendon are connected on its superficial surface a number 

 of muscular fibres, from which and from a slight continuation on the 

 deep surface of the fibres of the plantar portion of the tendo Achillis 

 arise the four perforated tendons of the toes. There is no flexor 

 longus hallucis as a sef)arate structure. A large muscle occupies the 

 whole of the internal and posterior portion of the leg : this ends in a 

 single large tendon, which divides into five slips for the toes. Tibialis 

 posticus is a small muscle with a long tendon ; its belly lies under the 

 upper part of flexor longus digitorum. There are peronei longus, 

 brevis, quinti, and quarti. Tibialis anticus and extensor longus 

 digitorum, which last has four terminal tendons for the four outer 

 toes, are much fused. There is a small bnt distinct extensor 

 proprius hallucis. Extensor brevis digitorum sends tendons to the 

 four outer toes. There is a large popliteus. Hallux has an adductor 

 which arises from the middle of the inferior surface of the os calcis, 

 and ends in a long tendon which is inserted into the inner side of the 

 head of the metatarsal ; an opponens and a strong flexor brevis. 

 Minimus has a strong abductor and an interosseal flexor brevis. 

 Each of the remaining digits has a single muscular mass lying on the 

 plantar aspect of its metatarsal without other trace of division 

 than an incomplete median longitudinal fibrous intersection. This 

 muscle is in each case inserted into the base of the first phalanx and 

 into the superior surface of the fibro-cartilage lying over the meta- 

 tarso-phalangeal articulation. 



Nerve Plexvses. 

 JBrachial Plexus (fig. 1). — The fourth cervical nerve divides into 

 two portions, from the upper and smaller of which is derived the 

 greater part of the phrenic. The lower portion joins the 5th, which 

 has previously given a filament to the phrenic. The combined cord 

 formed from 4 and 5 breaks up into four branches — supra- and sub- 

 scapular (smallest), circumflex and musculo-cutaneous. Circumflex 

 gives off" a branch of communication to the upper part of the tith 

 uerve and also two subscapular branches. Musculo-cutaneous gives 



