208 MR. E. B. POULTON ON THE PROTECTIVE [Mar. 1, 



Table III. — Not Inconspicuous Larvce, which are 



Species 



of 

 Larva. 



Pajji/io-nia- 

 chaon. 



Method by which 



rendered more or less 



conspicuous. 



Unpleasant 

 attribute. 



Arctia caja 



I'hragma- 

 tohiafuli- 

 ginosa. 



Spilosoma 

 meiithas- 

 tri. 



Lasiocam- 

 pa rubi. 



Green, black, and orange. 

 "A striking appearance" I 

 ( Weinmann). Granting 1 



that this is so, when the 

 larva is looked at alone I 

 think that its colours har- ' 

 nionize well with its umbel- 

 liferous food-plants. How- t 

 ever, when disturbed the ' 

 pinkish-red everted glands 

 do render it conspicuous ; 

 but this is afier discovery. 



A pair of dorsal pro- 

 thoracic glands, 

 everted when an 

 enemy approaches, 

 and causing a most 

 penetrating odour 

 like " decaying pine- 

 apple " (Buckler) ; 

 especially noticed in 

 fourth stage. 



Eesults of 



J. Jenner Weir. 



A. G. Butler. 



Black, with very long grey [ Jenner Weir thinks 

 and brown hairs. Freely ' that " flavour is 

 exposed on dead nettle, &c., ] nauseous " and that 

 although the colour is not the hairs act as a 

 such as to at once attract warning. Neverthe- 

 attention. less I am assured that 



the shorter hairs are 

 irritating ( W. Cole). 



Smoky brown, with brown 

 hairs. Freely exposed on 

 dock &c. ; as above, it is 

 not truly conspicuous. 



Lasiocam- 

 pa quer- 

 cus. 



Odenestis 

 J oiaioria 



Brown, with lougbrown hairs. 

 Freely exposed on all low 

 plants ; as above. 



Black and brown, with long 

 brown hairs. Freely ex- 

 posed on heather &c., as 

 above ; more conspicuously 

 coloured with black aud 

 yellow bands when younger. 



Evidence, as far as it 

 goes, against there 

 being any unpleasant 

 attribute, but only 

 tried with Lizards. 



In this case much evi- 

 dence for the larvse 

 having unpleasant 

 taste. Jenner Weir 

 thinks hairs are 

 warning. 



I believe that there is 

 evidence for the hairs 

 having irritating 

 pi-operties. 



Disregarded by all 

 the birds. 



Young and compa- 

 ratively hairless ; 

 tasted and refused 

 by many birds ; 

 disregarded by all 

 when older aud 

 very hairy. 



Devoured by L. viri- 

 dis. 



Brown and yellow, and com- 

 paratively conspicuous when 

 young ; black with white 

 marks and brown and grey 

 hairs when older; exposed 

 but not conspicuous on 

 hawthorn. 



I believe that there is 

 evidence for the hairs 

 having irritating 

 properties. 



Disregarded 

 the birds. 



by all 



Blue-grey, black, and orange; 

 tufts of white hairs; freely 

 exposed on grasses. Easily 

 seen, but does not attract 

 attention. 



The hairs are cer- 

 tainly irritating, al- 

 though it takes some 

 time to affect the 

 hands. 



Disregarded by all 

 the birds. 



