1887.] VALUE OF COLOUR AND MARKINGS IN INSECTS. 245 



(continued). 



Experimental evidence. 



E. B. Poulton. 



J. Jenner Weir. 



Pup.«. 



Freelj eaten by L. muralis . 



Bitten by L. muralis, but evi- 

 dently much disliked and 

 abandoned : some were even- 

 tually partially eaten when 

 the Lizards were very hungry. 



Refused by the birds 



Refused by the birds 



Other observers. 



Edward Newman 

 in ' British 

 Moths.' — " They 

 also constitute a 

 favourite food of 

 poultry, and are 

 souglit for with 

 great eagerness." 



Bearing upon Wallace's 

 converse suggestion. 



A difficulty: in view of the ex- 

 tremely complete form of pro- 

 tective resemblance. It would 

 be interesting to experiment 

 with other Vertebrates and 

 with hungry birds. 



Same difficulty with birds ; the 

 same high form of protection. 

 In this case, however, the 

 Lizards freely ate the pupje, 

 and they are evidently palat- 

 able to these Vertebrates. 



Concerning the behaviour of the 

 Lizards, it is to be noted that 

 the pupal colour is not a very 

 specialized form of protection, 

 although complete, for it 

 equally obtains in species 

 which pupate in opaque 

 cocoons &c. 



Eaten with great relish by L. 

 muralis, slightly crushed, and 

 then swallowed whole. Great 

 contrast to the treatment of 

 the last species. 



Edward Newman 

 in ' British 



Moths.' — Fowls, 

 Guinea-fowlsjPea- 

 fowls, and Phea- 

 sants devour them 

 with the greatest 

 avidity. 



Support. 



Eaten at once and evidently re- 

 lished by X. muralis. 



Eaten at once (removed from the 

 cocoon) by L. muralis, and 

 probably relished. 



Imagines. 



Eaten readily by all Lizards, but 

 not much relished, I believe, 

 because of the mechanical 

 difficulty of the scales and 

 wmgs, and not from being 

 actually unpalatable. This 

 applies to all Butterflies, and 

 Moths to a lees extent. 



Eaten by Lizards . . 



Roland Trimen. — A 

 Swallow seen cha- 

 sing this species 

 (Trans. Linn. Soc. 

 vol. xxvi. p. 499, 

 footnote). 



A.G-.Butler.— Eaten 

 by L. viridis. 



Support. 



Supj)ort. 



Support. 



