404 MR, J. H. LEECH ON THE BUTTERFLIES [May 3, 



and yellow, others were of a much Jee})er yellow than the orrlinary 

 type, aud some were nearly all black, being by tar the most pronounced 

 var. hippocrates I have yet seen. Every specimen was much larger 

 than the parent. 



The following description of the full-fed larva does not seem to 

 differ in the slightest degree from the common form of P. machaon ■ — 



Larva. — Ground-colour of body pale green, sn:ooth ; head the same 

 marked with black. Eiich segment of tlie larva is divided trans- 

 versely by a broad black band iiiterruj)ted on each side by three 

 orange sjiots, tiiat occurring in the spiracular region being the largest. 

 Each segmental division is marked by a black band, extending iu 

 most specimens about halfway down the sides and contracting and 

 expanding witb the movements of the larva; legs tipped with black 

 and a Ijlack spot above each leg. Each abdominal leg has a broad 

 black baiid, above wliicli is a large triangular black mark surmounted 

 by two smaller spots ; belly paler than dorsal area aud spotted at 

 intervals with black. Feeds on the common carrot. 



2. Papilio xuthus, L. 



Var. xuthvlus, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 4, t. 1. fig. 2. 



Common all over Japan and Corea during the warm months. 



The earliest form is " otm/Z/m/j/s " in March and April, but this 

 variety does not seem to be nearly so distinct in Japan as in the 

 Amur region, intermediate forms occurring commonly from xuthvlus 

 to xuthvs, which continues in turn to vary until a larger and much 

 darker form is reached, which bears the same resemblance to xuthus 

 thut hippocrates does io machaon. I have specimens from Nagasaki 

 (July) in which the black markings are very much exaggerated, and 

 the yellow is replaced by a deep buff. 



3. Papilio bianor. 



P. hianor, Cr. Pap. Ex. ii. t. 103. f. C (17/9). 



P. maalii. Men. Schrenk's Reise, p. 10, t. i. (1859). 



P. dehaanii, Feld. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xiv. p. 323 (1S64). 



P. raddei, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 3, t. i. 



\ aw japonica, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. ix. p. 50 (186fi). 



P. alliacmon, De I'Oiza (ex Boisd.), Lep. Jap. p. 9 (1869). 



P. tutanus, Fenton, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 855. 



This s{)ecies varies to such an extent that it is impossible to form 

 any correct opinion on the subject until our knowledge of its habits 

 and distribution is considerably increased; the existing arrangements 

 are, however, purely artificial, as none of the characters on which it 

 has been subdivided are constant. 



The two most distinct types, viz. raddei and maakii, have been 

 shown to be seasonal forms of the same species by breeding, which 

 proves the species to be double-brooded. Dehaanii, japonica, awdi 

 alliacmon are, so far as my knowledge goes, either spring or alpine 

 forms, from which I should infer that they were the first brood of 

 bianor, maakii, and tutanus, which only occur in summer. 



Occurs commonly all over Japan and Corea. 



