1887.] DR. M. MENZBIER ON A NEW CAUCASIAN GOAT. 619 



The curve of the horns is as follows (I speak of the horns of the 

 full-grown male): from the head the horns rise upwards and outwards, 

 then" backwards and outwards, and finally downwards, with the tips 

 curved inwards (cornua .... maxima, .... retrorsum et extrorsum 

 arcuata, apice denuo introrsum vergentia), so that the tips approach 

 one another very sensibly. The section of the horns taken near the 

 base is quadrangular with rounded posterior corners. On the front 

 surface of the basal half there are 8 or 9 small ribs, on the apical half 

 about 10 more conspicuous nodules. The length along the 

 anterior surface is from 30" to 32" 2"' ; the circumference at the 

 base is from 11" to 12". The distance between the tips of the horns 

 is only about 20". By all these characters of the horns Capra 

 caucasica differs from Capra severtzowi and approaches to C. cylin- 

 dricornis sive ^g. pallasii. 



The incisors of the lower jaw are fine and slight in comparison 

 with those of Capra severtzoivi. The skull has a higher forehead, 

 more broadly developed occipital and frontal regions, and is more 

 solid. The "beard, reddish-brown in colour, is short and broad, like 

 that of Capra cylindricornis, and not like the beard of Capra 

 severtzowi. The head is covered with a reddish-brown fur, darker 

 in the front than at the sides. The general colour of the fur is 

 yellowish-brown-grey, the colour of Cervus elaphus ; but on the nape 

 of the neck is a lighter spot ; along the edge of the spine there is a 

 dark stripe ; the groins are light ; the tail is covered with very long 

 dark brown hairs. The extremities are dark, with a slightly developed 

 light stripe on the posterior side of the fore feet, more visible on the 

 posterior side of the hind feet. The fur on the belly is very dark, 

 black-brown. 



The distribution of Capra caucasica is very limited ; it inhabits 

 only the mountains between Elbruz and Dykh-tau, i. e. it is met 

 with only at the sources of the Chegem, Baksan, and Malka. This 

 region is central in its position, between the region of G. cylindri- 

 cornis on the east and the region of C. severtzowi on the west. 



Capra severtzowi, sp. n. 



The Capra caucasica of Mr. Dinnik differs in such a great immber 

 of characters from the true Capra caucasica of Griild., that it 

 undoubtedly must be distinguished as a separate species. It is a 

 very powerful animal, with enormous black horns, as in C. 

 caucasica, but their curve is regular and inclined in one plane. Prom 

 the head the horns rise upwards and outwards, then backwards 

 and outwards, and finally downwards. I have seen many beautiful 

 horns of this species with the tips curved outwards, but this is not 

 the rule, though the distance between their tips is always enormous 

 compared with the horns of Capra caucasica : on the authority of 

 Mr. Dinnik, this distance is nearly 3 feet in one skull of his col- 

 lection, and I know a skull with the distance between the tips of the 

 horns about 32''. The section of the horns taken near the base is 

 triangular, with rounded corners. On the front surface ther^are 

 more or less conspicuous nodules. 



