1887.] NOMENCLATURE OF INDIAN MAMMALS. fi23 



is known to have a black bearJ. Elawandum is perhaps the same 

 as Eh Wanderu, a Ceylonese name, according to Kelaart, of S. ther- 

 sites, which I beheve to be a vaiiety of S. cephalopteriis. It, how- 

 ever, has not a black beard. Elawandum is the same as Bnffon's 

 Lowando. The name Simia veter cannot possibly refer to the 

 Malabar Monkey. 



I now turn to the authentic history of the Malabar Monkey in 

 the works of European naturalists. 



BufFon, Hist. Nat. xiv. pp. 169, 174, pi. xviii., described and 

 figured a Monkey which was clearly the Malabar form. He called 

 the animal "Ouanderou; " and identified it with the "Wanderow" 

 of Captain Robert Knox, and with the Wanderu and Elawandum of 

 Ray. The name of Wanderu has clung to the Malabar Monkey 

 ever since ; but really applies, as Templeton, Kelaart, Tennent, and 

 others have shown, to the Ceylonese Semnopitheci, and was rightly 

 employed for those animals by Knox and Ray. The word JFanderu, 

 however, as Sterndale has pointed out, is merely a Cingalese form of 

 the Hindi word bandar, and means Monkey in a wide sense. 



Schreber, in 1775 (Siiugth. i. p. 87), united the "Ouanderou" 

 of Buffon with the Simia silenus of Linnaeus, and has been followed 

 by naturalists generally '. 



There can be very little doubt but tliat the animal under considera- 

 tion is the " Lion-tailed Monkey " of Pennant^. The first Latin name 

 that I can find applied to this species is Simia ferox, given by Shaw 

 in the 'Museum Leverianum ' (p. 69), published in 1792. The 

 description is accompanied by a fair figure. I think that the 

 specific \\3ime ferux ought, by the rules, to be employed for this spe- 

 cies, and I see no reason why Pennant's English name should not be 

 adopted, instead of tlie misleading term " Wanderoo Monkey." 



n. On the Simia cynomolgos of Linnceus. 



In the twelfth edition of Liunaeus's ' Systema Naturae,' p. 38, a 

 species of Simia is thus described : — 



" S. cynomolgos caudata imberbis, naribus bifidis elatis, cauda 

 arcuata, natibus calvis. Habitat in Africa, vigilis noctu 

 instituit in arboribus." 



Two references are given: — Brisson, Quad. p. 213, and Cerco- 

 pithecus angolensis major, Marcgrav. Bras. 227. To the quota- 

 tion from Marcgrav is added a reference to Ray, Quad. 155. 

 Both Ray and Brisson, however, merely copied Marcgrav's account 

 with a few unimportant emendations. It is clear, therefore, that 

 the Simia cynomolgos of Linnaeus is the animal described by 

 Marcgrav. 



George Marcgrav, who appears to have been a trustworthy writer, 



1 The only important exceiotion is Frederic Cuvier, who, in the folio ' His- 

 toire Naturelle des Maniniiferes,' gave two capital figures of the "Ouanderou," 

 and pointed out that it dilTered IVom the animal described by Prosper Alpinus. 

 In the ' Table Geuerale et Methodique,' however, the specific name silenus 

 was used. 



2 Syn. Mamm. p. 109; Hist. Quad. ed. 3, i. p. 19S, pi. xliv. f. 1. 



41* 



