624 MR, W. T. BLA.NFORD ON THE [DeC. 6, 



published in 1648 a work entitled ' llistoria Natiiralis Brasilise.' 

 This work contains descriptions not only of Brazilian animals, but 

 also of several from the Portuguese possessions in Western Africa. 

 Tlius there is an unmistakable figure of the Red River-hog, on which 

 the Sus porcus of Linnaeus was founded '. At tiie page 227 quoted 

 in the ' Systema Naturae' is the following description : — 



" Cercopithecus Angolensis major; in Congo vocant Macaqiio. 

 Color pilorum totins corporis ut Lu|)i, nares habet bifidas, elatas ; 

 caput ursino simile, nates calvos quibus insidet : caudam semper 

 portet arcuatam. Longitudo corporis a capite ad caudam unius 

 pedis et supra: capitis longitudo sex digitorum ; caudse pedalis ; 

 crura quatuor aeqnalis longitudinis decern digitorum in prioribus 

 cruribus; manus tres & semis digit, longas, qainque digitis prae- 

 ditas, in posterioribus longas manus quinque digitos. Crassities 

 corporis ubi maxima unius pedis & novem digitorum : clamat hah, 

 hah. Deiites habet albissiinos. Mire gesticulatur, penem habet 

 humane simileminstar pueri." 



It is perfectly clear from this that Simia cynomol(/os, L., was an 

 animal inhabiting the country around the mouth of the Congo, and, 

 judging from the size, the bear-like head, and tail shorter than tlie 

 body, a Eaboon ^. Certainly the Linnaean name has not the 

 slightest application to the Malay Monkey, commonly known 

 (improperly) as the Macaque Monkey, for which this name is gene- 

 rally used. 



The Malay Monkey is=, however, Buflfon's "Macaque"; this 

 name and also the geiieric term Mucaca of Lace'pede (1801) (subse- 

 quently modified into Macacus by F. Cuvier and Dcsmarest) being 

 derived evidently from the same West-African or Portuguese word 

 as Marcgrav's Macaquo. Schreber in this case, as in that of Simia 

 silemis, is the author of the confusion that has arisen. He applied 

 tlie Linnaean term Simia cynomolgos to Buffon's Macaque, of which 

 he copied t'le figure. 



The first author, so far as I can ascertain, who noticed the dif- 

 ference between Buffon's Macaque and the Simia cynomolgos of 

 Linnaeus was Frederick Cuvier, wlio, in 1818 ^ proposed for the 

 former the name Macacus irus, a name that I think should, in 

 accordance with the rules of nomenclature, be retained for the Malay 

 Monkey. 



There are, however, two other early names, ^S'. aijgvla, Linn. 

 (Syst. Nat. ed. 12, i. p. 39), and S. 'atijs, Audebert (Hist. Nat. 

 Singes et Makis), that have been ap, lied to the present species; and 

 it is as well to inquire whether either can be identified as pertaining 

 to it. Simia aygula was thus described by Linnaeus : — " S. caudata 

 subirnberbis grisea, eminentia pilosa verticis reversa longitudinali," 

 with the quotation " Osb. Iter. 99." Osbeck's ' Voyage to China 



1 The mucb later specific title fenicUlatus, given by Schiuz in 1847, is com- 

 monly used for this animal. 



^ The term iiai-ilnis /lifdis is puzzling, and I oannnf suggest any satisfactory 

 explanation of it. 



'•' ' Meumives du lytust'um,' iv. ]i. 1"2I>. 



