BOTANICAL SUBJECTS. 



125 



Fig. 17. Trichomaiies reniformis filmy f era. (" Gard. Chron.," 

 26 July 1890.) 



filiform, and .the root a small disk. The veins of Trichomanes 

 may have , become first slightly winged, such as the branches of 



Fig. 18. Gymnocongrus fastigiahis (" Harv. Phyc. Austr.," pi. 290). 



Cladhy7nenia conferta, Fig. 15, and then fasciated into a fan-like 

 frond. So that, whether we take a fern frond or a cladophyl, we 

 find their rudimentary forms among seaweeds. 



The reader might, however, ask how did the leaf of a 

 phsenogam come out of a cladophyl ? 



To answer this, I shall now try to show that the leaf, so called, 

 is nothing 5;but a cladophyl. Indeed, there has been no transfor- 

 mation of the' one into the other, but a continuation of the one 

 into the other. The only modification has been that which would 

 naturally occur, owing to a transition from a water to an air 

 medium. 



