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PHILOSOPHICAL NOTES ON 



Centaurea leaf continues down the stem, between two wings, or 

 ridges, to show us that the leaf is onlv a continuation of the stem ! 



In other words, each internode, with its leaf, is the terminal 

 bud of the internode below it, so that each pair of wings and 

 internode are only the lower part of the next leaf, the whole form- 

 ing a cladophvl, which in botanical language is sub-divided into 

 steon and leaf. 



Perhaps a diagram (Fig. 19) may explain better what I wish to 



r 



Fig. 19. 



convey, in absence of a real plant. A^ b, c is a cladophvl — that is, 

 a ivi7iged midrib. Then at 6, a terminal bud continues the stem ; 

 b, d, e is another cladophyl, and so on. In botanical language, 

 however, we call a d the stem, and c and e leaves. Now, at b and 

 d there are also axillary buds proper. But these and the terminal 

 ])uds are both branchlets of a, b, c, and b, d, e. 



Eucaly2)tus globulus, when young, has four ridges on its stem. 

 The leaves are then opposite and somewhat decurrent, a pair of 

 ridges at each node becoming, as in the Centaurea, the two sides of 



