208 



PHILOSOPHICAL NOTES ON 



side leaflets may pass for stipules, raised to the grade of leaves or 

 leaflets, more especially as in Salix vinimalis he shows two small 

 stipule-like appendages, and under the genus Salix, he says, 

 " stipules variable." 



Similarly, the stipules of Heartsease may be considered also as 

 the two side leaflets of a trifoliolate leaf. 



The tendrils of the Cucurbitaceae by some botanists are con- 

 sidered as modified stij)ules, and by Le Maout and Decaisne as 

 leaves. With regard to these, however, see " Discussion of tendrils 

 of CucurbitacejE," in Appendix to Section X. 



Among the Compositie and Crucifera3 we meet with many 

 forms of leaf which are apetiolate, the blade being connate with 

 what might be considered its leafy stipules ; they often form the 

 amplexicaul base of the leaf. 



The cauline leaves of Cineraria cruenta are described as 

 auricled at base. These auricles might well be leafy stipules, 

 adnate to the petiole. 



Then from the leafy expansions, which monopolize the function 

 of the leaf, as in Lathyrus Aphaca, we may pass, through many 

 gradations and variations, down to simple set(By or even hairs, as 

 representatives of stipules, and even to total extinction. 



In the membranaceous spathe of the Jonquil — which may be 

 considered either as a stipule,^or bract, or bud-scale — are enclosed a 

 number of flowers. Each flower is subtended by a long hair, in 



Fig. 63. Stamen of Heieria 

 pyymoea. 



Fig. 64. Stamen of Fendlera liupicola 

 (tab. 5, Plantae Wrightianae, 

 Smith's Inst.). 



