BOTANICAL 8UKJECTS. 257 



A iibro-vascultir cord is not at all necessary for evolving buds, 

 for Delesseria dendroides (Fig. 14) and D. coriifolia (Fig. 12) 

 evolve them out of a cellular cord, their midrib ; and Fticus 

 palmatiis marginifer (Fig. 20) evolves them out of its cellular 

 maryin. 



I have elsewhere hinted that the nerves, veins, and margin of a 

 leaf are all sub-divisions of the stem, and, therefore, may have 

 nodes^ or budding points. Moreover, experiments made on 

 certain cryptogams tend to show that not only vascular and 

 cellular cords have the power of budding, but every cell has it, 

 as it should have, considering that the protophyta, of which it is 

 made up, have all budding powers. 



Vochting is stated to have made the following experiment on 

 a Liverioort* He chopped it up very finely, and spread the 

 fragments on moist earth. After some time the whole surface 

 budded into young liverworts, which would indicate that, under 

 certain circumstances, all the cells, like spores, were reproductive 

 organs, and capable of reproducing the parent plant. f 



The margin of the leaf, in phaenogams, is homologous with the 

 margin of the fern frond, where sporanges are developed. In other 

 parts of a fern frond sori develop on what we might call the nodes 

 of the fern veins, or at the termination of a vein. 



In the "Oranges and Lemons of India and Ceylon," ji. 211, 

 31orphology of the Citrus, I maintained that ovules and 

 ordinary buds were one and the same thing. It is gratifying now 

 to find that Prof. E. Ray Lankester is of the same opinion. In 

 his " Advancement of Science," under the heading of Partheno- 

 genesis, at p. 245, he says : — " Parallels of these methods of 

 reproduction (fission and germination) in animals were readily 

 recognised in plants, in the multiplication by seed, by cuttings or 

 shoots, and by separate buds. A broad line was drawn between 

 " buds and eggs," however egg-like the former might apjjear, in the 

 assumption that eggs were special bodies of a peculiar structure, 

 destined to be " fertilized " by the spermatoza of the male, after 

 which process only could they develop. These distinctions, some 



* "The Mystery of Birth," by Grant Allen, Neio Review for June 1891. 



j" This is exemplified by lieyonia phyllomaniaca. The sui-face of its stem, 

 petiole, and leaf become covered with young plants, budding out of the 

 cellular hairs. 



A \). 1721. R 



