ARRANGEMENT OF ORGANS. Z 
impossible, without studying the development of the 
malformed flower, to ascertain whether the altered 
arrangement is due to an excessive or to a diminished 
action. Practically, however, it is of comparatively 
httle importance to know whether, say, the isolation 
of parts, that are usually combined together, is con- 
genital (7.e. the result of an arrest of growth preventing 
their union), or whether it be due to a separation of 
parts primitively undivided; the effect remains the 
same, though the cause may have been very different. 
The principal alterations to be mentioned under this 
head may therefore be conveniently arranged under 
the following categories :—Union, Independence, Dis- 
placement, Prolification, Heterotaxy, and Heterogamy. 
