PAAR Dials 
UNION OF ORGANS. 
THe union of parts, usually separate in their adult 
condition, 1s of very common occurrence as a mal- 
formation. ‘The instances of its manifestation admit 
of being grouped under the heads of Cohesion, where 
parts of the same whorl, or of the same organ, are 
united together; and of Adhesion, where the union 
takes place between members of different whorls, or 
between two or more ordinarily wholly detached and 
distinct parts. In either case, the apparent union may 
be congenital (that is, the result of a primitive integrity 
or a lack of separation), or it may really consist in a 
coalition of parts originally distinct and separate. In 
practice it 1s not always easy to distinguish between 
these two different conditions. Indeed, in most cases 
it cannot be done without tracing the development of 
the flower throughout all its stages. It is needless to 
make more than a passing allusion to the frequency 
with which both congenital imtegrity or  subse- 
quent coalescence of organs exist under ordinary cir- 
cumstances. Considered as a teratological pheno- 
menon, union admits of beimg grouped into several 
subdivisions, such as Cohesion, Adhesion, Synanthy, 
Syncarpy, Synophty, &c. Hach of these sub-divisions 
will be separately treated, but it may be here said that, 
in all or any case, the degree of fusion may be very 
shght, or it may be so perfect that there may be a 
complete amalgamation of two or more parts, while to 
all outward appearance the organ may be single. The 
