INTRODUCTION. Xxill 
English language, with the exception of Hopkirk’s 
‘Flora Anomala,’ a book now rarely met with, and 
withal very imperfect; and this notwithstanding that 
Robert Brown early lent his sanction to the doctrines 
of Goethe, and himself illustrated them by teratological 
observations. In France, besides important papers of 
Turpin, Geoffroy de Saint Hilaire, Brongniart, Kirsch- 
leger and others, to which frequent allusion is made in 
the following pages, there is the classic work of 
Moquin-Tandon, which was translated into German by 
Schauer. Germany has also given us the monographs 
of Batsch, Jeeger, Roeper, Engelmann, Schimper, Braun, 
Fleischer, Wigand, and many others. Switzerland has 
furnished the treatises of the De Candolles, and of 
Cramer; Belgium, those of Morren, &c., all of which, as 
well as many others that might be mentioned, are, with 
the exception of Moquin-Tandon’s ‘ Eléments,’ to be 
considered as referring to limited portions only and 
not to the whole subject.’ 
In the compilation of the present volume great use 
has been made of the facts recorded in the works just 
cited, and especially in those of Moquin-Tandon, En- 
gelmann, and Morren. A very large number of com- 
munications on teratological subjects in the various 
European scientific publications have also been laid 
under contribution. In most cases reference has been 
given to, and due acknowledgment made of, the sources 
whence information has been gathered. Should any 
such reference be omitted, the neglect must be attri- 
buted to imadvertence, not to design. Im selecting 
' An excellent summary of the history of Vegetable Teratology is 
given in Kirschleger’s ‘ Essai historique de la Tératologie Végétale,’ 
Strasburg, 186. 
