36 ADHESION. 
lip of the corolla of Salvia pratensis... In the ac- 
companying figure (fig. 13), taken from a double 
wallflower, there is shown an adhesion between a 
petal and an open carpel on the one side, and a stamen 
on the other. 
Moquin speaks of some pears, which were united, 
at an early stage, with one or two small leaves 
borne by the peduncle and grafted to the fruit by the 
whole of their upper surface. As the pear increased 
in size the leaves became detached from it, leaving on 
the surface of the fruit an impres- 
sion of the same form as the leaf, 
and differing in colour from the 
rest of the surface of the fruit. 
Traces of the principal nerves were 
seen on the pear. 
It is curious to notice how very 
rare it is for the calyx to adhere 
to the ovary in flowers where that 
organ is normally superior. The 
“calyx imferus”’ seems scarcely 
ever to become “ calyx swperus,” 
Fic.13.—Cheiranthus while, on the other hand, the 
eee enor a “calye normaliter swperus”’ fre- 
open carpel. quently becomes inferior from de- 
tachment from, or from want of 
union with the surface of the ovary. 

Adhesion of fruit to branch——Of this Mr. Berkeley’ cites 
an instance in a vegetable marrow (Cucumis), where a 
female flower had become confluent with the branch, 
at whose base it was placed, and also with two or more 
flowers at the upper part of the same branch, so as to 
make an oblique scar running down from the apex of 
the fruit to the branch. 
Synanthy— Adhesion of two or more flowers takes 
place in various ways; sometimes merely the stalks 
' Linnea,’ vol. ii, p. 607, 
? «Journal Roy. Hort. Soc.,’ new ser., vol. i, 1866, p. 200. 
