SYNANTHY. 43 
as to form but a single tube. It is not uncommon, 
as has been before stated, to find two corollas enclosed 
within one calyx, but this is probably the only recorded 
instance of the fusion of the calyx and corolla of two 
different flowers belonging to two different axes. 
From the preceding details, as well as from others 
which it is not necessary to give in this place, it would 
appear that synanthy is more lable to occur where the 
flowers are naturally crowded together’ than where 
they are remote; so too, the upper or younger por- 
tions of the inflorescence are those most subject to 
this change. In like manner the derangements con- 
sequent on the coalescence of flowers are often more 
erave in the central organs, which are most exposed 
to pressure, and have the least opportunities of resist- 
ing the effects of that agency, than they are in the 
outer portions of the flowers where growth is less 
restricted. 
Morren in his papers on synanthic Calceolarias, 
before referred to, considers that the direction in 
which fusion acts is centripetal, e.g. from the cir- 
cumference towards the centre of the flower, thus 
reversing the natural order of things. He considers 
that there is a radical antagonism between the normal 
organizing forces and the teratological disorganizing 
forces, and explains in this way the frequent sterility 
of monsters from an imperfect formation of stamens, 
or pistils, or both. 
The greater tendency in synanthic flowers of parts 
of one whorl to adhere to the corresponding organs 
in another flower has often been remarked, though 
the dislocation of parts may be so great as to prevent 
this from being carried out in all cases. It appears 
also that synanthy is more frequently met with among 
flowers which have an inferior ovary than in those in 
which the relative position of the organ in question 
1 Cramer, ‘ Bildungsabweichungen,’ p. 56, tab. vii, fig. 10, figures a 
case wherein the two central flowers of the capitulum of Centawrea Jacea 
were united together. 
