48 ADHESION. 
vergence is of frequent occurrence where fruits are 
united by their stalks, because, as growth goes on, the 
tendency must necessarily be towards separation and 
divergence of the tips of the fruit. 
In some cases of Synearpy the fusion and inter- 
penetration of the carpels is carried to such an extent 
that it is very difficult to trace on the outer surface the 
lines of union. The fruit in these cases resembles a 
single one of much larger size than usual. Moquin 
mentions a double apple in which the connection was so 
close that the fruit was not very different m form from 
what is customary, and a similar thing happens with 
the tomato. In the case of stone-fruits it sometimes 
happens, not only that the outer portions are adherent, 
but that the stones are so likewise. 
M. Roeper has observed two apples grafted together, 
one of which had its stalk broken, and seemed eyi- 
dently borne and nourished by the other apple ;* and 
a similar occurrence happens not infrequently in the 
cucumber. Moquin has seen three united cherries 
having only a single stalk jointed to the central fruit, 
the lateral cherries having each a slight depression or 
cicatrix marking the situation of the suppressed stalks. 
Schlotterbec has figured three apples presenting pre- 
cisely similar appearances.” 
Fusion of two or more nuts (Corylus) is not un- 
common; I have seen as many as five so united.’ In 
these cases the fruits may be united together in a ring 
or in linear series. 
In some Leguminose, contrary to the general rule in 
the order, more than one carpel is found; thus peas, 
French beans, and other similar plants, are occasionally 
met with having two or more pods within the same 
calyx, and in Gleditschia triacanthos and Cesalpinia 
digyna this is so commonly the case as to be consi- 
dered almost the normal state. (De Cand. ‘Mem. 
1 De Cand., ‘ Phys. Végét.,’ tom. ii, p. 781. 
2 Sched. de monstr. plant, ‘ Act. Helv.,’ tab. i, fig. 8. 
3 «Mém. greffe,’ loc. cit., tab. xxiv, p. 334. 
