60 INDEPENDENCE OR SEPARATION OF ORGANS. 
or ‘‘ dédoublement,” or with the “disjonctions qui 
divisent les organes” of Moquin-Tandon." It is usually, 
but not always, a concomitant with hypertrophy, and 
dependent on luxuriance of growth. 
It must be understood therefore that the term, as 
generally applied, does not so much indicate the cleavage 
of a persistent organ, as it does the formation and 
development of two or more erowing points instead 
of one, whence results a branching or forking (di-tri- 
chotomy) of the affected organ. In some instances it 
seems rather to be due to the relative deficiency of 
cellular, as contrasted with fibro-vascular tissue. 
Fission of axile organs——T'his condition is scarcely to be 
distinguished from multiplication of the axile organs 
(which see). A little attention, however, will generally 
show whether the unusual number of branches is a 
consequence of the development of a large number of 
distinct shoots, as happens, for instance, ‘when a tree 
is pollarded, or of a division of one. M. Fournier’ 
gives as an illustration the case of a specimen of 
ftuscus aculeatus in which there occurred a division of 
the foliaceous branches into two segments, reaching 
as far as the insertion of the flower, but no further. 
He also mentions lateral cleavage effected by a notching 
of the margin, the notch being anterior to the flowers 
and always directed towards their insertion. In the allied 
genus Danaé, Webb, ‘ Phyt. Canar.,’ p. 320, describes 
the fascicles of flowers as in ‘“‘crenulis brevibus ad 
marginem ramulorum dispositis.”” Sometimes, on the 
other hand, Danaé has a fascicle of flowers imserted 
on the middle of the upper surface, as in fuscus. 
Wigand mentions an instance in Digitalis lutea, where 
the upper part of the stem was divided into six or 
seven racemes; possibly this was a case of fasciation, 
but such a division of the inflorescence is by no means 
uncommon in the spicate species of Veronica. I have 
! Loe. cit., p. 295. 
? «Bull. Soc. Bot. France,’ 1857, p. 758. 
