DIALYSIS OF THE CARPELS. 75 
is not rare in oranges. Sometimes this takes place 
regularly, at other times irregularly; occasionally in 
such a manner as to give the appearance of a hand and 
fingers to the fruit. Of one of these, Fer -ari,' in the 
curious volume below cited, speaks thus: “ Arbor pro- 
fusissima, quia dat utraque manu; imo quia vere manus 
dat in poma conversis ; utque magis munifica sit poma 
ipsa convertit In manus.” 
M. Duchartre’ mentions a semi-double flower of 
orange with eight to ten distinct carpels in a whorl, 
and occasionally several whorls one above another. De 
Candolle® considers the rind of the orange as a pro- 
duction from the receptacle, and this view is confirmed 
by the specimens of Duchartre, in which the carpels 
were quite naked or had a common envelope truncated, 
and open above to allow of the passage of the styles 
and stigmas. 

. 
Fic. 33.—Orange. Showing dis- Fic. 34.—Section of orange 
junction of carpels, after Maout. shown in fig. 33 after Maout. 
It frequently happens in conjunction with this 
separation of the carpels one from the other, that a 
lack of union manifests itself between the margins of 
the individual carpels themselves. Very numerous cases 
of this kind have been recorded, and the double tulips 
of gardens may be referred to as showing this condition 
' * Hesperides,’ auctore Ferrario, Rome, 1646, fig. 415, pp. 213 and 
215. See also Michel, ‘ Traité du Citronnier.’ 
? « Ann. des Science Nat.,’ 5rd series, 1844, vol. i, p. 294. 
® *Org. Véget.,’ vol. ii, p. 41. 
