82 INDEPENDENCE OR SEPARATION OF ORGANS. 
The following are the genera in which the change 
has been most frequently observed : 
*Rosa! Athamanta. 
*Pyrus! Selinum. 
*Crategus ! Carum. 
*Daucus ! Imperatoria. 
Pastinaca. Rudbeckia! 
Torilis. *Campanula! 
Apium. Lonicera ! 
Cnanthe ! Cucumis ! 
Heracleum, Cannabis. 
Solution of the stamens from the petals——A separation of 
the stamens from the petals in flowers, wherem those 
organs are usually adherent one to the other does not 
often occur unattended by other changes. It has been 
observed in Cobea scandens (Turpin), in Antirrhinun 
majus, and in many double flowers. 
Partial detachment of the stamens from the styles 
occurs frequently in semi-double flowers of Orchis.* 
| Masters, ‘ Journal of Linnean Society,’ 1866, vol. vii, p. 207. On 
the subject of this chapter the reader should also consult Moquin- 
Tandon, 1. c., p. 298. Engelmann, ‘De Antholysi,’ p. 37, tab. v. C. 
Morren, ‘Bull. Acad. Belg.,’ xix, part 5, p. 318. Cramer, ‘ Bildungs- 
abweichungen,’ p. 64. Fleischer, ‘ Missbild. Cultur. Pflanzen.’ As to 
the nature of inferior ovaries, see also Payer, ‘Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,’ i, 
1854, p. 283. Germain de Saint Pierre, ibid., p. 302. Caspary,.‘ Bull. 
Soc. Bot. Fr.,’ t. vi, 1859, p. 235. Schleiden, ‘ Principles of Botany,’ 
English translation, p. 368. Duchartre, ‘Elements de Botanique,’ p. 
574. Le Maout et Decaisne, ‘Traité général de Botanique, p. 57. 
Bentham, ‘Journ. Linn. Soc.,’ vol. x, p. 104 (Structure of Myrtacee), 
and other treatises on Organography, 
