100 ALTERATION OF POSITION. 
Allg. Schweizer Gesellsch.,’ Band v, 1841, p. 9. Duchartre, ‘Ann. Se. 
Nat.,’ 3rd ser., 1844, vol. ii,p. 290. Ibid., ‘Elem. Bot.,’ p. 574; ‘ Rev. 
Bot.,’ 1846-7, p. 213. Babington, ‘ Gard. Chron.,’ 1844, p.557. Lindley, 
‘Elements,’ p. 89; ‘Veg. King.,’ pp. 313, 497, &e. Berkeley, ‘ Gard. 
Chron.,’ 1850, p. 612. Unger, ‘Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur., 1850; 
and in Henfrey’s, ‘Bot. Gazette,’ 1851, p. 70. Schleiden, ‘Prin- 
ciples,’ English edit., p. 385. Payer, ‘Elem. Bot., pp. 196, 211, 
224. Baillon, ‘Adansonia,’ ili, p. 310, tab. iv. Cramer, ‘ Bildungsab- 
weichungen,’ p. 20, &e. Clos, ‘ Ann. Se. Nat.,’ 5th ser., ii, 313, as well 
as any of the general treatises on botany. Reference may also be made 
to the chapters on Prolification and Substitutions (in the case of the 
carpels and ovules), and to the authorities therein cited. 

CHART BR ET: 
PROLIFICATION. 
Moaqutn-Tanpon and other writers have classed the 
production of buds in unwonted situations under the 
head of multiplication, but, as the altered arrangement 
is of graver import than the mere increase in number, 
it seems preferable to place these cases under this 
heading rather than under that of alterations of 
number. 
The adventitious bud may be a leaf-bud or a flower- 
bud ; it may occupy the centre of a flower, thus termi- 
nating the axis, or it may be axillary to some or other 
of its component parts, or, again, it may be extra-floral. 
In this last case the prolification is of the inflorescence, 
and is hardly distinguishable from multiplication or sub- 
division of the common flower-stalk. In accordance 
with these differences we have median, axillary, and 
extra-floral prolification, each admitting of subdivision 
into a leafy or a floral variety, according to the nature 
of the adventitious bud. Under the head of each 
variety certain special peculiarities are noticed, but it 
may here be advisable to add a few general remarks 
on the subject. 
Axillary prolification is a much less frequent malfor- 
