ADVENTITIOUS BUDS. 16] 
Pyrus Japonica, Anemone Japonica, &e. What are 
termed suckers, owe their origin to buds formed in this 
situation. 
If roots be exposed or injured, they will frequently 
emit buds. The well-known experiment of Duhamel, 
in which a willow was placed with the branches in the 
soil and the roots in the air, and emitted new buds from 
the latter and new roots from the former, depended on 
this production of adventitious organs of either kind. 
Gardeners often avail themselves of the power that 
the roots have of producing buds to propagate plants 
by cuttings of the roots, but m many of these cases 
the organ “parted” or cut is really an underground 
stem and not a true root. 
M. Claas Mulder has figured and described a case in 
the turnip-radish of the unusual formation of a leafy 
shoot from the root, apparently after injury." From 
the figure it appears as if the lower portion of the root 
had been split almost to the extremity, while the upper 
portion seems to have a central cavity passing through 
it. From the angle, formed by the spht segments 
below, proceeds a tuft of leaves, some of which appear 
to have traversed the central cavity and to have 
emerged from the summit, mingling with the other 
leaves in that situation. The production of a flower- 
bud has even been noticed on the root of a species of 
Impatiens. 
Formation of shoots beneath the cotyledons—The tigellar or 
axial portion of the embryo plant, as contrasted with 
the radicle proper, is very variously developed in 
different cases; sometimes it 1s a mere “collar” bear- 
ing the cotyledons, while at other times it is of con- 
siderable size. Generally it does not give origin to 
shoots or leaves other than the seed-leaves, but occa- 
sionally shoots may be seen projecting from it below 
the level of the cotyledons. This happens frequently 
in seedling plants of Anagallis arvensis, Huphorbia 
«Tijdschrift vooor Natuur. Geschied,’ 1836, vol. iii, tab. vii, p. 171. 
11 
